The prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus in 4267 Turkish women with or without cervical lesions: A hospital‐based study

Abstract

In the present study, it was aimed to screen the genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) retrospectively in women with gynecological symptoms who were admitted to a tertiary care university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. A total of 4267 cervical swab samples of women aged 18–79 years were sent to Medical Virology Laboratory from January 2017 to November 2020. Nucleic acid extraction and amplification of samples were done by an automated system. The test can detect 14 high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) types in a single analysis that performs a real‐time polymerase chain reaction, by providing individual results on the highest‐risk genotypes HPV 16 and HPV 18 and pooled results on other high‐risk genotypes (OHR‐HPV) (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68). HPV DNA positivity was detected in 14.2% (605/4267) of the samples. HPV type 16 and type 18 were detected in 2.4% and 0.7% of the samples, respectively. OHR‐HPV types were found in 8.8% of the samples. Of the 1.9% and 0.4% samples had mixed types with type 16+ OHR‐HPV and type 18+ OHR‐HPV, respectively. The results of this study presented the rates of HR‐HPV genotypes of a university hospital in Ankara, over a 4‐year period. It was observed that the positivity rate of type 18 is decreasing and some OHR‐HPV types are increasing. HPV vaccination is not in the national immunization program in Turkey yet, however, HPV vaccines are available and the vaccination rates for women are increasing.

Prevalence and genotype screening of human papillomavirus among women attending a private hospital in Northern Cyprus: an 11-year retrospective study

“…The target population in the current study consisted of both patients with abnormal cytology (37.5%) and women from the general population with normal cytology (34.0%) who attended the hospital for regular check-ups or other unrelated symptoms, in which HPV positivity was detected to be 65.7% and 34.0%, respectively. The results of our study are consistent with recent studies performed in different parts of the world that reported HPV prevalence between 14.0% and 67.6% [ 16 – 20 ]. The wide range can be explained by factors including the availability of immunization programs, socioeconomic status of the country, education levels and other risk factors.…”

“…Among the 885 women, HR-HPV prevalence was found to be highest in age groups between 30 and 55 with 51.50% of all positive samples consisting of this age group followed by women under the age of 30 (45.7%). In a study performed among 4267 Turkish women, Altay-Kocak et al also reported the 35–55 age group to have the highest frequency of HR-HPV [ 16 ]. In contrast to our results, the study undertaken in 596 women in Republic of Cyprus indicated HR-HPV prevalence peaking at younger ages in which 84.7% of HR-HPV positivity have been detected in individuals below the age of 25 [ 14 ].…”

The association between human papillomavirus infection, vaginal microecology, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women from Xinjiang, China

“…13 Besides, higher than the overall prevalence of HPV infection worldwide (<3% $ 26%). 14 The HPV infection type in Xinjiang is mainly single infection, and single infection significantly increases the risk of CC, which is consistent with the findings of Zhang et al 15 In this study, the main subtype of HPV infection among women in Xinjiang is HPV16, which is consistent with the main type of HPV infection worldwide, 16 but differs from the distribution of HPV subtypes observed in other regions of China. It has been observed that HPV52 is the predominant subtype of China, [17][18][19][20] suggesting that there are regional variations in the distribution of HPV subtypes.…”

Evaluation of cervical smear screening and colposcopy assessments at a tertiary obstetrics and gynecology center in the blacksea region of Turkey: Retrospective chart-review of the last 5 years

“…The most common cytological pathologies were ASC-US in 18%, LSIL in 13%, and HSIL in 6% of cases. This was slightly different from the national figures, reported as the most common cytological abnormalities wereLSIL, ASC-US,HSIL, and ASC-H [4].Nevertheless, studies conducted with clinical samples reported similar results to ours [13], suggesting the importance of continuous screening to detect earlier lesions for timely and accurate clinical interventions. This was also consistent with the distribution of final pathologies in colposcopy assessments, which showed that early-stage lesions constituted the most common diagnoses.…”

“…Another study by Yuce et al evaluated the HPV positivity among Turkish women in a hospital-based study and reported that the prevalence of any HPV was 25.7%, while highrisk HPV was positive at 23.0%, and the genotype distribution showed that the most common single type was HPV-16, followed by HPV-31 and HPV-51 [12]. The HPV genotypes 16 and 18 were common in almost all studies in the literature, but the HPV-39 and HPV-56 found in our study were not commonly or frequently reported in other studies [8,9,13]. To our knowledge, only Alacam and Bakir reported that HPV-39 was one of the most common genotypes found in women with cervical dysplasias [10].…”