Ultraflexible and ultralight rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) with the merits of environmental benignity and high security arise as promising candidates for flexible electronic systems. Nowadays, the energy density and cyclical stability of ZIBs on metal-based rigid substrates reach a satisfactory level, while the inflexible substrates severely prevent them from widespread commercial adoption in portable electronics. Although flexible substratesengineered devices burgeon, the development of flexible ZIBs with high specific energy still faces great challenges. Herein, a flexible ultrathin and ultralight Zn micromesh (thickness of 8 µm and areal density of 4.9 mg cm −2 ) with regularly aligned microholes is fabricated via combining photolithography with electrochemical machining. The unique microholes-engineered Zn micromesh presents excellent flexibility, enhanced mechanical strength, and better wettability. Moreover, numerical simulations in COMSOL and in situ microscopic observation system certify the induced spatial-selection deposition of Zn micromesh. Accordingly, aqueous ZIBs constructed with polyanilineintercalated vanadium oxide cathode and Zn micromesh anode demonstrate exceptional high-rate capability (67.6% retention with 100 times current density expansion) and cyclical stability (maintaining 87.6% after 1000 cycles at 10.0 A g −1 ). Furthermore, the assembled pouch cell displays superb flexibility and durability under different scenarios, indicating great prospects in high-energy ZIBs and flexible electronics.

The rapid progress of micro/nanoelectronic systems and miniaturized portable devices has tremendously increased the urgent demands for miniaturized and integrated power supplies. Miniaturized energy storage devices (MESDs), with their excellent properties and additional intelligent functions, are considered to be the preferable energy supplies for uninterrupted powering of microsystems. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the background, fundamentals, device configurations, manufacturing processes, and typical applications of MESDs, including their recent advances. Particular attention is paid to advanced device configurations, such as two-dimensional (2D) stacked, 2D planar interdigital, 2D arbitrary-shaped, three-dimensional planar, and wire-shaped structures, and their corresponding manufacturing strategies, such as printing, scribing, and masking techniques. Additionally, recent developments in MESDs, including microbatteries and microsupercapacitors, as well as microhybrid metal ion capacitors, are systematically summarized. A series of on-chip microsystems, created by integrating functional MESDs, are also highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research scope on MESDs are discussed.

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A new method was reported for preparing a magnetically responsive superhydrophobic surface by electrostatic air spray deposition (EASD) and magnetic induction. The mixture was fully atomized under the combined action of the electrostatic field and the high-speed airflow field, and a dense array of micropillars was formed. The atomization mechanism of EASD was explored. The distribution and physical parameters of the micropillars were evaluated and counted. Switchable adhesion characteristics of the surface and the reversibility in 10 cycles were examined. The influences of different electrostatic voltages, component concentration, spray distance, air pressure, and magnetic field intensity on the surface morphology and hydrophobicity were analyzed. The prepared surface can be reversibly transformed between the high-adhesion state (with a contact angle of 108°) and the low-adhesion state (with a contact angle of 154°) by on/off switching of an external magnetic field. After a 2.2 kPa pressure load was applied, the surface contact angle was 144° with an applied magnetic field of 0.4 T. After heated at 90 °C for more than 90 min, the surface can almost obtain superhydrophobicity (with a contact angle of 148°) in the absence of a magnetic field. By utilizing the switchable surface adhesion characteristics, various kinds of droplet transmissions were realized. When the cured surface was spray-coated with carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), active droplet manipulation can be achieved by simply moving the magnet. The advantages of this method include a simple preparation process without chemical surface modification.

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