Review of small aspheric glass lens molding technologies

Yin, Shu; Jia, Hongpeng; Zhang, Hang; Chen, Fengjun; Zhu, Kun

doi:10.1007/s11465-017-0417-2

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, when the sunlight is directed to a room's ceiling, the brightness in the core area of the room can be increased. Galvanoformung, Abformung) and LIGA-like processes [14], and ultraprecision machining technology [15]. In ultraprecision machining technology, the machining profile of the ultraprecision machining technology is controlled via the relative motion of the cutting tool and the workpiece or the shape of a tool tip.…”

Section: Principle and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliable technologies for fabricating the mold used in imprinting process that have been developed so far include e-beam lithography [10,13], LIGA (German Acronym for Lithografie, Galvanoformung, Abformung) and LIGA-like processes [14], and ultraprecision machining technology [15]. In ultraprecision machining technology, the machining profile of the ultraprecision machining technology is controlled via the relative motion of the cutting tool and the workpiece or the shape of a tool tip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Manufacture of a Novel Sunlight Guiding Panel

Hsu

Xie

2019

Coatings

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With technological advancement, energy consumption and lack of energy supply are inevitable. Approximately 20% of total energy consumption is used for artificial light in standard office buildings. To reduce energy consumption for illumination purposes, a sunlight guiding panel was used to increase the amount of sunlight available indoors. However, in most designs of a sunlight guiding panel, the panel has to be placed on the outdoor surface of a window glass. This type of design is inconvenient for assembling and cleaning. To enhance the practicality of a sunlight guiding panel, we attempted to place the sunlight guiding panel on the indoor surface of a window glass. The simulation results revealed that when the sunlight guiding panel was placed on the indoor surface of a window glass, the aspect ratio of the light-guiding structure of the sunlight guiding panel had to be increased for guiding the sunlight from outdoors so as to increase the amount of sunlight indoors. To fabricate the proposed sunlight guiding panel, UV nanoimprint lithography was applied to pattern the light-guiding structure of the sunlight guiding panel. Moreover, a mold with a high-precision light-guiding structure was used in UV nanoimprint lithography. The mold was fabricated using ultraprecision machining technology. Both analytical and experimental investigations were conducted to confirm the proposed design. The average light-guiding efficiency was 89.9% with a solar elevation angle range of 35 • to 65 • , and the experimental results agreed well with the simulation results. This study elucidates light-guiding efficiency when the sunlight guiding panel is placed on the indoor surface of a window glass, which can increase the usage convenience and application potential of sunlight guiding panels. micromachining or nanomachining technique is required for manufacturing a sunlight guiding panel. Due to the difficulty in producing a sunlight guiding panel, a sunlight guiding panel has to be placed on the outdoor surface of a window glass in most designs of sunlight guiding panels [8,9]. This type of design is inconvenient for assembling and cleaning.

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Section: Principle and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Manufacture of a Novel Sunlight Guiding Panel

Hsu

Xie

2019

Coatings

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“…Optical glass lenses have a broad range of applications (e.g., telescopes, cameras, medical equipment, and high-power lasers) because of their good refractive index, excellent chemical stability, light permeability, and high image quality [1][2][3]. Conventional manufacturing technologies include several techniques (e.g., precision grinding, and ultra-precision lapping and polishing), but these methods are time-consuming and difficult to use for the fabrication of complex shapes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of CrWN Glass Molding Coatings after Vacuum Annealing

Huang

Xie

et al. 2020

Coatings

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CrWN glass molding coatings were deposited by plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS). The microstructure and thermal stability of these coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscope and nanoindentation tests. The as-deposited coating exhibited an aggravated lattice expansion resulting in a constant hardness enhancement. The vacuum annealing induced surface coarsening and the spinodal decomposition of the coating accompanied by the formation of nm-sized c-CrN, c-W 2 N, and h-WN domains. The annealed coating with low W content had mainly a face-centered cubic (f.c.c) matrix, strain fields caused by lattice mismatch caused hardness enhancement. Following an increase in W content, the annealed coating showed a mixed face-centered cubic (f.c.c) and hexagonal close-packed (h.c.p) matrix. The large volume fraction of h-WN phases seriously weakened the coating strengthening effect and caused an obvious drop in hardness.Coatings 2020, 10, 198 2 of 11 manufacturing due to their excellent anti-sticking and anti-oxidation properties [10][11][12], but they are also expensive for their wide industrial applications. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films exhibit good self-lubrication and anti-wear performance, however, their poor thermal stability greatly limits any molding application [13,14]. Recently, the application of transition metal nitride coatings to glass molding has received great interest due to the favorable chemical inertness and anti-wear properties of these materials [15][16][17][18]. Most current studies focus on the anti-sticking and anti-oxidation properties of transition metal nitride coatings. WCrN coatings have been reported to have good anti-sticking properties at 400 • C, but also exhibited poor anti-sticking performances at 500 • C due to the formation of oxides [19]. CrWN coatings have been reported to experience severe mechanical degradation and coarsening in high temperature nitrogen atmosphere due to the formation of WO 3 phases [20].The life of glass molding coatings is determined mainly by their anti-sticking and anti-oxidation properties, as well as by their thermal stability. However, relatively little work has been published on the thermal stability of this type of coatings. In this study, CrWN coatings with different W contents are synthesized using PEMS. Detailed characterizations of these coatings were performed to study the evolution of their microstructures, as well as the mechanical properties of the as-deposited coatings after vacuum annealing. The potential effect of the W content on the thermal stability of the annealed coatings will be discussed systematically in the following sections.

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“…Aspheric lenses can effectively eliminate spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, and other problems existing in the light path by composition of spherical lens. It can also simplify the optical path and reduce the loss of light energy in the propagation of light, thereby achieving a high-quality image and better optical properties [1]. With the rapid development of optoelectronics and information technology, the demand for high-precision glass aspheric lenses has increased dramatically in many fields, such as in mobile phones, security surveillance, automobiles, laser communication, precision measurement and other optical systems, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Elastic Modulus on the Accuracy of the Finite Element Method in Simulating Precision Glass Molding

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Materials

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Precision glass molding is a revolutionary technology for achieving high precision and efficient manufacturing of glass aspheric lenses. The material properties of glass, including elastic modulus and viscosity, are highly dependent on temperature fluctuations. This paper aims to investigate the effect of elastic modulus on the high-temperature viscoelasticity of glass and the accuracy of the finite element simulation of the molding process for glass aspheric lenses. The high-temperature elastic modulus of D-ZK3L glass is experimentally measured and combined with the glass cylinder compression creep curve to calculate the high temperature viscoelasticity of D-ZK3L. Three groups of viscoelastic parameters are obtained. Based on this, the molding process of the molded aspheric lens is simulated by the nonlinear finite element method (FEM). The surface curves of lenses obtained by simulation and theoretical analyses are consistent. The simulation results obtained at different initial elastic modulus values indicate that the elastic modulus has a great influence on the precision of the FEM-based molding process of glass aspheric lenses.

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Review of small aspheric glass lens molding technologies

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Design and Manufacture of a Novel Sunlight Guiding Panel

Design and Manufacture of a Novel Sunlight Guiding Panel

Thermal Stability of CrWN Glass Molding Coatings after Vacuum Annealing

Effect of Elastic Modulus on the Accuracy of the Finite Element Method in Simulating Precision Glass Molding

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