Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have been extensively investigated as a next‐generation energy storage system due to their high safety and low cost. However, the critical issues of irregular dendrite growth and intricate side reactions severely restrict the further industrialization of ZIBs. Here, a strategy to fabricate a semi‐immobilized ionic liquid interface layer is proposed to protect the Zn anode over a wide temperature range from −35 to 60 °C. The immobilized SiO2@cation can form high conjugate racks that can regulate the Zn2+ concentration gradient and self‐polarizing electric field to guarantee uniform nucleation and planar deposition; the free anions of the ILs can weaken the hydrogen bonds of the water to promote rapid Zn2+ desolvation and accelerate ion‐transport kinetics simultaneously. Because of these unique advantages, the cycling performance of the symmetric Zn batteries is greatly enhanced, evidenced by a cycling life of 1800 h at 20 mA cm−2, and a cycle lifespan of 2000 h under a wide temperature window from −35 to 60 °C. The efficiency of this semi‐immobilizing strategy is well demonstrated in various full cells including pouch cells, showing high performance at large current (20 A g−1) and wide temperatures with extra‐long cycles up to 80 000 cycles.

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Developing solid‐state electrolytes with good compatibility for high‐voltage cathodes and reliable operation of batteries over a wide‐temperature‐range are two bottleneck requirements for practical applications of solid‐state metal batteries (SSMBs). Here, an in situ quasi solid‐state poly‐ether electrolyte (SPEE) with a nano‐hierarchical design is reported. A solid‐eutectic electrolyte is employed on the cathode surface to achieve highly‐stable performance in thermodynamic and electrochemical aspects. This performance is mainly due to an improved compatibility in the electrode/electrolyte interface by nano‐hierarchical SPEE and a reinforced interface stability, resulting in superb‐cyclic stability in Li||Li symmetric batteries (>4000 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2; >2000 h at 1 mA cm−2/4 mAh cm−2), which are the same for Na, K, and Zn batteries. The SPEE enables outstanding cycle‐stability for wide‐temperature operation (15–100 °C) and 4 V‐above batteries (Li||LiCoO2 and Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2). The work paves the way for development of practical SSMBs that meet the demands for wide‐temperature applicability, high‐energy density, long lifespan, and mass production.

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Techniques utilizing photo- and electrochemically induced reactions have been developed to accelerate organic processes.

In this paper, two kinds of novel carbon nanocrystals (CNCs) with different crystal morphologies (the branch-chain young sprout form (CM1) and conifer-pine form (CM2)) were obtained in a controllable way. The mechanism of crystal morphological development was explored well. When the two kinds of the CNCs were dissolved in different polar solvents, they voluntarily become "ultrafine crystals" at the moment. After that, the ultrabright full color carbon dots (UBFCCDs) have been preliminarily prepared by fine-controlling. With the evaporation of the solvents, the CNCs crystallized again, which could repeat back and forth many times. After the conditions of preparing for CDs were optimized carefully, the asprepared CDs exhibit ultrabright effects of multiexcitation and multiemission (from blue to red) and can show unique upconversion luminescence characteristics under a lower excitation wavelength of 660 nm instead of a near-infrared wavelength of 980 or 808 nm. Significantly, the QY% of the UBFCCDs can reach 78.0%, which is higher than that of the traditional hydrothermal methods of discarding precipitation and carrying out dialysis (QY% = 69.0%). The as-prepared CDs can be used for multicolor biomedical imaging in vivo and in vitro and metal ion sensing and also show their potential value for industrial applications.

as 0D and discrete, quasispherical nanoparticles with the characteristic size of less than 10 nm in shape. In the past few decades, many researchers have been intrigued by overwhelming application of CDs in fields other than solar photovoltaics, [23][24][25] semiconductor photocatalysis, [26] or light-emitting materials, [27][28][29] like in bioimaging, [30][31][32][33] drug delivery/ release, [34][35][36] theranostics, [37] and biosensing/bioassay. [38][39][40] Albeit with biological imaging agents in vitro and in vivo, heavy metals as the essential elements for the core materials of available high-performance semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exist substantial toxicity, carcinogenic effects, and environmental hazard, even at low levels. [41][42][43][44][45] Historically, boasting the natural virtues of fascinating optical properties (e.g., up/down-conversion and excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, high fluorescence quantum yields (QY), and long fluorescence lifetime), eco-friendliness, high waterdispersible peculiarity, easy surface-functionality, low cost, highly abundant, and inexpensive raw materials, noninvasiveness, low cytotoxicity, and good biocompatibility afford CDs suitable as the elegant alternatives for toxic QDs containing heavy metals. [46][47][48][49] On the other hand, the CDs have excellent photostability against photobleaching and photoblinking as compared with the conventional organic dyes (typically fluorescein and rhodamine B). [50] In particular, multicolor CDs exhibit tunable photoluminescence by exciting the identical CDs, allowing for multimodal biophotosensitizer in biological field without interference from background autofluorescence. In this review, we aim to systematically offer a summary of preparing multicolor CDs and its various biomedical applications, mainly including for bioimaging, drug delivery/release, theranostics, and biosensing/bioassay, highlighting the complete horizons of multiplexed quantitative detection, high-resolution fluorescence imaging, and long-term, real-time monitoring of multicolor CDs.Multicolor carbon dots (CDs) as an emerging subclass of carbonaceous nanomaterials have inspired intensive attention due to the fascinating fluorogenic properties of quantum dots, exhibiting great potential applications in the biomedical field. In some cases, reported CDs with blue or green fluorescence are not desirable for further biological applications owing to the conflicting background autofluorescence, low penetration, and relatively large damage to biological tissue. However, multicolor CDs that can work in the longer wavelength region are being developed to address this issue by overcoming the autofluorescence from the cellular components (usually in the blue and green range). In this review, the development of multicolor CDs is described comprehensively, including for red-emissive or NIR-emissive CDs. Additionally, the preparation methods of multicolor CDs are summarized. Moreover, the factors affecting the luminescence of multicolor CDs are discussed in de...

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