Functionalized N-doped porous carbon nanofiber webs/sulfur (N-PCNF/S) composites are first proposed as the cathode materials for an advanced lithium−sulfur battery. The functionalized N-doped porous carbon nanofiber webs (N-PCNF) with an appropriate N doping (4.32 wt %) are synthesized by a facile approach, which consists of pyrolyzation of polypyrrole nanofiber and a subsequent KOH activation. Instrumental analysis shows that N-PCNF possesses a large specific surface area (2642 m 2 g −1 ) and a high inner pore volume (1.31 cm 3 g −1 ). When evaluating its electrochemical properties in a lithium−sulfur battery, the N-PCNF/S composite with 77.01 wt % sulfur content displays an excellent electrochemical performance. The specific discharge capacity still reaches 749.8 mAh g −1 after 180 cycles at 0.2 C. At a higher rate of 1 C, the capacity stabilizes at 666.0 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles. This work demonstrates that combining the favorable aspects of N doping modification and one-dimensional nanostructure in the carbon matrix design is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of the carbon/sulfur cathodes.

Interconnected highly graphitic carbon nanosheets derived from wheat stalk have been successfully synthesized via a combined hydrothermal and graphitization process.

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