Functionalized N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofiber Webs for a Lithium–Sulfur Battery with High Capacity and Rate Performance

Yang, Juan; Xie, Jing; Zhou, Xiangyang; Zou, Youlan; Tang, Jingjing; Wang, Songcan; Chen, Feng; Wang, Luyu

doi:10.1021/jp410385s

Cited by 173 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…This reduces the cell voltage as observed in Figure 7b. The performance of such a system could be enhanced by modification of the polysulfide host such as functionalization of CNT, 28 modification of current collectors, 29 use of other host materials such as graphene, 30 ordered carbon, 31 and other non-carbonaceous hosts to contain lithium polysulfides in the cathode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Graphite-Polysulfide Full Cell with DME-Based Electrolyte

Bhargav

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Over the last decade, vast improvements have been made in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries bringing it a step closer to reality. In this field of research, deep understanding of the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and their affinity with carbons, polymers and other hosts have enabled the design of superior cathodes with prolonged life. However, the anode side has undergone comparatively less transformation. In this work, we have developed a new electrolyte based on 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent that enables reversible intercalation of lithium ions in graphite. A novel method to introduce solid lithium polysulfide into a carbon current collector as the cathode has been demonstrated and the electrode shows stable cycling with the new electrolyte. A full cell consisting of a lithiated graphitic anode and lithium polysulfide cathode is constructed, which exhibits an initial capacity as high as 1,500 mAh g −1 (based on the sulfur in the cathode) and a reversible capacity of 700 mAh g −1 for 100 cycles. This full cell is capable of delivering over 460 mAh g −1 at rates as high as 2C. The cell degradation over prolonged cycles could be due to the polysulfide shuttle which results in instability of the SEI layer on the graphitic anode. The demand for energy consumption by mankind is ever increasing due to rapid growth and accessibility of technology by the masses. This has led to our dependence on fossil fuels like coal and petroleum. Fortunately, sulfur, one of the promising cathode materials for inexpensive high energy density lithium batteries arises as a by-product of petroleum refining.1 Its abundant, benign nature combined with the ability of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells to provide a theoretical specific capacity of 1,672 mAh g −1 and specific energy of ∼2,600 Wh kgmakes it an attractive cathode material. 2 With high promises come significant challenges in utilizing this material effectively toward commercialization. The significant ones being the low conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide, the shuttle effect caused by the mobile intermediate polysulfides, and the volume changes upon cycling in the cathode. [2][3][4] In recent years, most of the research efforts have been focused to tackle issues at the cathode side. The pure lithium metal used in the cell also poses crucial challenges in the development of Li-S systems. Chief among them being the formation of Li dendrites and mossy deposits on the Li anode, 5,6 presence of excess lithium which assists the shuttle effect, 7 and low Coulombic efficiency associated with Li metal deposition and stripping which leads to short cycle life.5 To overcome the shortcomings on the anode side different nonLi metal anodes have been tested such as graphite, [8][9][10][11] hard carbon, 12 silicon, 13,14 tin, 15 and other alloys. 8 Although non-lithium anodes prevent Li-dendrite formation and increase Coulombic efficiency at the anode side, it is imperative that a compatible electrolyte that can form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and promote high anode ca...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Graphite-Polysulfide Full Cell with DME-Based Electrolyte

Bhargav

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…While for the BCN/S, despite the sulfur content in which is lower than that in the GCN/S, the discharge capacity is only 1020 mA h g -1 , corresponding to the sulfur utilization of ~61%. In most reports, higher sulfur contents in the composites always result in worse electrochemical performances [58][59][60]. corresponding to a fade rate of 0.053% per cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-like g-C3N4 nanosheets/sulfur as cathode for lithium–sulfur battery

Meng

Xie

Cai

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Yang et al (2014) reported functionalized nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofiber/sulfur (N-PCNF/S) composites as sulfur cathode materials. The N-PCNF/S composites had a high-sulfur load (77.01 wt%) and delivered a stabilized discharge capacity of 749.8 mA h g −1 after 180 cycles at 0.2 C. The one-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon materials featured high N content and excellent conductivity.…”

Section: Frontiers In Energy Research | Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-doped carbons in Li–S batteries: materials design and electrochemical mechanism

Sun

2014

Front. Energy Res.

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Li-S batteries have been considered as next generation Li batteries because of their hightheoretical energy density. Over the past few years, researchers have made significant efforts in breaking through critical bottlenecks, which impede the commercialization of Li-S batteries. Beginning with a basic introduction to Li-S systems and their associated mechanism, this review will highlight the application of one specific carbon family, nitrogen-doped carbon materials in sulfur-based cathodes. These materials will include nitrogen-doped porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, and graphene. The article will conclude with a summary of recent research efforts in this field as well as the future prospects for the use of nitrogen-doped carbon materials in Li-S batteries.

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Functionalized N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofiber Webs for a Lithium–Sulfur Battery with High Capacity and Rate Performance

Cited by 173 publications

References 50 publications

A Graphite-Polysulfide Full Cell with DME-Based Electrolyte

A Graphite-Polysulfide Full Cell with DME-Based Electrolyte

Graphene-like g-C3N4 nanosheets/sulfur as cathode for lithium–sulfur battery

Nitrogen-doped carbons in Li–S batteries: materials design and electrochemical mechanism

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