This aim of the review is to give an idea about various pharmacological and pharmaceutical applications of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. The article covers selected literatures that are based on the studies conducted on Hibiscus rosa sinensis. It is a very common shrub native to tropical areas. There are different varieties of Hibiscus rosa sinensis . The pharmaceutical field is more interested in the red variety as majority of the medicinal properties are shown by this. The source, distribution, chemical constituents, propagation, soil conditions, etc. are provided in the article. The various studies that have utilized Hibiscus rosa sinensis for pharmacological and pharmaceutical applications are also mentioned in this article. The pharmaceutical field mainly utilses the mucilage from Hibiscus rosa sinensis as an excipient for many formulations. The pharmacological activity of each and every part of the plant is clearly provided in this work. Overall, this gives an idea about the medicinal properties of plant Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn.
This review focused on the usage of bromelain in numerous applications, as well as the most recent literature on the chemistry, extraction, and purification of bromelain from pineapple (Ananas comosus). Bromelain is a crude, aqueous extract obtained from the stems and fruits of pineapple, leading edible member of the family Bromeliaceae. Bromelain contains a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases as well as phosphatases, glucosidases, peroxidases, cellulases, & glycoproteins. It exerts its enzymatic activity over a PH range 4.5 – 9.5. The isolation & purification of bromelain has been done by various methods includes aqueous two-phase extraction, reverse micellar extraction, ultrafiltration & precipitation & chromatographic techniques. Bromelain, a cysteine protease, has found commercial use in a variety of industries including food, beverage, tenderization, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile. Bromelain act as an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory agent, anti-oedematous, anti-thrombotic & anti-metastatic. Although the precise mechanism of action of bromelain has not been established, bromelain has received widespread acceptance as a phytotherapeutic agent due to its long history of safety and absence of adverse effects
Summary The aim of the article was to obtain maximum information about plant mucilage, its sources and applications in the pharmaceutical industry. This study focuses on the scientific articles and books available in Internet resources and college library that deal with the sources, applications, extraction and isolation of plant mucilage. Mucilage is obtained mainly from plant sources and can be isolated easily. Due to the low cost, easy availability, non-toxicity, non-irritancy, and biocompatibility, mucilage is of great demand in the field of pharmaceuticals. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Abelmoschus esculentus L, Plantago ovata Forssk. and Aloe barbadensis L. are some common sources of mucilage. The isolation methods vary depending on the part of the plant where mucilage is present. It is commonly used as gelling agent, suspending agent, binder, and disintegrant. Since it is hydrophilic in nature, chances of deterioration are higher. In this review, different mucilage sources and their isolation methods are discussed in detail. Mucilage is used as excipient in many formulations of tablets, suspensions, gels, etc. The study explores the potential of plant mucilage as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of this inexpensive excipient make it more favourable for the newer formulation development.
Bromelain (BRN) is an extensive product of investigation, regarded as eff ective naturally produced anticancer agents. Heterogeneity of tumors amongst patients and within disease, generates a necessity of personalization of nanomedicine. The size of nanoparticle is found to be a signifi cant target in enhancing precision therapeutics, by fondly accumulate it within the tumor microenvironment. The objective of the study is to achieve an optimum size of 50 to 100 nm BRN loaded nano carriers, to intensify the EPR eff ect and thereby overcome heterogeneity. Optimization of the nanoparticles commenced with the interrogation of eff ect by various formulation variables. The development of nanoparticles carried out by the nanoprecipitation method, where three independent variables, such as the amount of PLGA, Tween 80 and BRN are chosen after an overall screening and employed in Design Expert Software. The selected Box-Behnken design provides a total of 17 confi rmatory runs at varied levels of independent variables and detected its infl uence on responses. The runs resulted in an optimized formula with the desired particle size of 78.64 ± 2.14 nm and a maximum entrapment effi ciency of 89.14% at 24th hour. Then the selected formula characterized for polydispersity index, zeta potential, sanning electron m icroscopy, determination of drug content, study of in-vitro drug release etc.
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