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This paper presents a dynamic electrochemical model for representation, simulation, and evaluation of performance of small size generation systems emphasizing particularly proton exchange membrane fuel-cell (PEMFC) stacks. The results of the model are used to predict the output voltage, efficiency, and power of FCs as a function of the actual load current and of the constructive and operational parameters of the cells. Partial and total load insertion and rejection tests were accomplished to evaluate the dynamic response of the studied models. The results guarantee a better analytical performance of these models with respect to former ones with a consequent reduction in time and costs of projects using FCs as the primary source of energy. Additionally, this electrochemical model was tested for the SR-12 Modular PEM Generator, a stack rated at 500 W, manufactured by Avista Laboratories, for the Ballard Mark V FC and for the BCS 500-W stack.

This paper presents the guidelines for simulation of fuel-cell (FC) stacks by using a computer-controlled high-power converter, which drives actual electric loads, or injects power to the grid. The FC output static and dynamic characteristics are closely reproduced in such a way the actual loads are seamlessly driven as if they were supplied by the simulated FC. The simulator characteristics include the membrane temperature and humidity, efficiency, flow of the reactants, cooling air fan and water pumps, the actual air environmental temperature and humidity, and the regimen of operation of the actual electrical load. Any type of FC of ordinary size can be simulated without having to use hydrogen with improved safety, variety of tests, flexibility, and demo facilities. Those features allied to the low cost of this FC simulator contribute for market analysis and life-cycle studies of a site installation.

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