SUMMARYThe aimed of the study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of an enzyme complex consisting of phytase, protease, xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase on the parameters of performance, carcass yield and meat quality of broilers. Six hundred broiler chicks were used, and the animals were females with one day of age, from the Cobb 500 strain, and distributed in a completely randomized design, with five levels of inclusion of the enzyme complex (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400g/ton), and six repetitions, with twenty animals each. The weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake and production viability were assessed in stages between 1 to 21, 1 to 35 and 1 to 42 days of age. The carcass yield and meat quality were evaluated at 35 and 42 days of age. We evaluated the characteristics of weight loss by cooking, shear force, water holding capacity, pH, lightness and color. The parameters of performance, carcass yield and carcass parts, and meat quality were not affected by the enzyme supplementation of diets fed to broiler chickens (P>0.05), except for the performance characteristics of the breast and the wings at 42 days of age (P<0.05).
ABSTRACT. This review aimed to identify the importance of vitamin E dietary supplementation to broilers subjected to heat stress in relation to metabolism, growth performance and quality of animal products and its effects on immune system. Vitamin E is the concentration of tocopherol and tocotrienol, which can be found in natural or synthetic form. This vitamin is essential for the integrity of reproductive, muscular, circulatory, nervous and immune systems of the animals. In order to reduce the harmful effects of high temperatures in poultry production, vitamin E supplementation is a viable alternative for the sector. Some studies indicate its potential antioxidant effect able to modulate inflammatory responses and physiological adjustments to mitigate the undesirable effects of exposure of broilers to high temperatures. Moreover, it has been found increased viability of animals due to the greater activation of the immune system, and improved quality of animal products given to the deposition in tissues with consequent nutritional enrichment of meat products.Keywords: antioxidant, performance, immunity, meat quality, supplementation.Estresse térmico por calor e vitamina E em rações para frangos de corte como medida atenuante RESUMO. Objetivou-se, com esta revisão, identificar a importância da suplementação de vitamina E às rações de frangos de corte submetidos a estresse por calor, em relação ao metabolismo, ao desempenho produtivo e à qualidade dos produtos de origem animal, bem como seus efeitos no sistema imune das aves. A vitamina E corresponde à concentração de tocoferol e de tocotrienol, podendo ser encontrada na forma natural ou sintética. É sabido que, essa vitamina, é essencial para a integridade reprodutiva, muscular, circulatória, nervosa e imunológica dos animais. Para reduzir os efeitos prejudiciais das altas temperaturas na produção avícola, a suplementação de vitamina E apresenta-se como alternativa viável para o setor. Alguns estudos indicam seu potencial efeito antioxidante capaz de modular respostas inflamatórias e ajustes fisiológicos para atenuar os efeitos indesejáveis da exposição das aves a elevadas temperaturas. Além disso, tem sido verificado aumento da viabilidade dos animais, pela maior ativação do sistema imune, e melhora na qualidade dos produtos de origem animal, devido à sua capacidade de deposição nos tecidos, com consequente enriquecimento nutricional dos produtos cárneos.Palavras chave: antioxidante, desempenho, imunidade, qualidade da carne, suplementação.
Two experiments were carried out to determine the energy values and the true ileal digestibility of amino acids of nine toasted full-fat soybeans (FFSB), without or with the addition of monocomponent protease. In the first experiment, to determine the energy values, the method of excreta collection was used with 1120 broiler chicks at 14 days old, distributed in randomized blocks in a 10x2 factorial arrangement with nine full-fat soybeans (30% included) plus a control diet (70%) without or with the addition of protease, totaling 20 treatments with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. In the second experiment, 1120 broiler chickens from 24 to 28 days of age were distributed in randomized blocks in a 10x2 factor arrangement, with nine full-fat soybeans (40% included) + a protein free diet (60%), without or with the addition of protease, totaling 20 treatments with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. Ileal digesta collection was used to determine the true digestibility coefficients and the digestible amino acid content of full-fat soybean. The average values of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and their respective metabolization coefficients (CAMEn) were 3207 kcal/kg and 62.57%, respectively. The average values of digestibility coefficients of crude protein and essential and nonessential amino acids were 86.79, 87.90 and 84.34%, respectively. The inclusion of protease improved (P<0.05) all evaluated parameters. Therefore, its use is recommended in diets containing full-fat soybeans for broiler chickens.Index terms: Digestibility coefficients; metabolizability; monocomponent enzyme. RESUMOForam realizados dois experimentos para determinar os valores energéticos e os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeiros de aminoácidos de nove sojas integrais tostadas, sem ou com a adição de protease monocomponente. No primeiro experimento, para a determinação dos valores energéticos, foi utilizado o método de coleta total de excretas, com 1120 pintos de corte com 14 dias de idade, distribuídos em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 10x2, com nove sojas integrais (30% de inclusão) + uma ração referência (70%), sem ou com adição de protease, totalizando 20 tratamentos, com 8 repetições e 7 aves por gaiola. No segundo experimento foram utilizados 1120 frangos dos 24 aos 28 dias de idade, distribuídos em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 10x2, com nove sojas integrais (40% de inclusão) + uma ração isenta de proteína (60%), sem ou com adição de protease, totalizando 20 tratamentos, com 8 repetições e 7 aves por gaiola. A coleta da digesta ileal foi utilizada para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeiros e o teor de aminoácidos digestíveis da soja integral. Os valores médios de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) e o seu respectivo coeficiente de metabolizabilidade (CEMAn) foram de 3207 kcal/kg e 62,57%, respectivamente. Os valores médios dos coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta e dos aminoácidos, essenciais e não essen...
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