We used low-cost Raspberry Pi ultraviolet (UV) cameras to measure sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) fluxes from Sabancaya volcano, Peru, during eruptive activity on 27 April 2018. Light dilution corrections were made by operating instruments at two distances simultaneously. Estimated SO 2 fluxes of 27.1 kg s −1 are higher than previously reported, likely due to the current eruptive episode (ongoing since November 2016). Each eruptive event included frequent (2-3 per minute), ash-rich emissions, forming gas pulses with masses of 3.0-8.2 tonnes SO 2 . Sustained degassing and lack of overpressure suggest open-vent activity. Mean fluxes are consistent with those measured by a permanent NOVAC station (25.9 kg s −1 ) located under the plume, with remaining differences likely due to windspeed estimates and sampling rate. Our work highlights the importance of accurate light dilution and windspeed modelling in SO 2 retrievals and suggests that co-location of UV cameras with permanent scanning spectrometers may be valuable in providing accurate windspeeds. ResumenUtilizamos cámaras ultravioletas (UV) Raspberry Pi para medir los flujos de dióxido de azufre (SO 2 ) en el volcán Sabancaya, Perú, durante la actividad del 27 abril 2018. La corrección por dilución de luz se realizó midiendo simultáneamente en dos sitios a diferentes distancias. Los flujos promedio (27.1 kg s −1 ) son superiores a los reportados previamente, probablemente debido al actual episodio explosivo. Cada evento tuvo frecuentes emanaciones ricas en ceniza y gas, emitiendo 3.0-8.2 toneladas de SO 2 . La desgasificación sostenida, sin sobrepresión, indica una chimenea abierta. Estos flujos son similares a los medidos en una estación permanente de NOVAC (25.9 kg s −1 ) debajo de la pluma. La diferencia restante es por velocidad del viento estimada y la frecuencia de la muestreo. Nuestro trabajo muestra la importancia de modelar con precisión la dilución de luz y velocidad del viento, y que co-instalar cámaras UV y espectrómetros permanentes podrían dar velocidades del viento más exactos.
This article examines what people in Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Anatolia thought about and did with Hittite and Neo-Hittite rock-cut relief and inscriptions. It brings together archaeological and textual evi dence that demonstrates the intensity, variety, and sophistication o f interactions with Bronze and Iron Age material remains between the classical and early Byzantine periods. It also calls attention to the ways in which indigenous inhabitants and foreign visitors alike used such remains to construct or verify narratives about local and universal history. The evidence analyzed here should be o f interest to those studying social memory as well as cross-cultural interaction within and beyond the Mediterranean.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.