The objective of this work was to estimate and compare phenotypic and genetic parameters after three cycles of intrapopulation recurrent selection for fresh corn grown under three nutrient availability conditions. Three experiments derived from the same population (MV-003) were conducted to assess the ability of progenies to absorb nutrients, one under adequate fertilization (control; MV-006), one under low nitrogen availability (N; MV-006N), and one under low phosphorus availability (P; MV-006P). The experiments were carried out in randomized blocks, with 64 half-sib progenies and three replications for each nutritional condition. Chlorophyll index, plant height, ear insertion, ear diameter, ear length, unhusked ear yield, and marketable husked ear were evaluated. The populations showed variability for the three nutrient availability conditions. The variability reduced after only three selection cycles; thus, evaluating a higher number of half-sib progenies, above 64, under low N and P availability is indicated. The rates used to identify the most efficient progenies in breeding programs should be close to the appropriate one, with a slow reduction after the selection cycles. The variability will be thus maintained, with a greater possibility of identifying more promising progenies. In addition, the frequency of favorable alleles increases more gradually and effectively. The N and P rate of 60 kg ha-1 is not indicated as a critical level for the initial phase of the program.
Brazil has many important native species, which includes Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby, however, the growth of this species is inhibited in soils with low boron contents, or excess boron, which causes phytotoxicity. Applications of strains of Trichoderma spp. increase the plants' tolerance to abiotic stresses, including tolerance to low or excess levels of nutrients such as boron (B). Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate plant development and the effect of strains of Trichoderma spp. in Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum seedlings grown under different boron rates. A randomized block experimental design was used, with a 4×5 factorial scheme, consisting of 4 strains of Trichoderma spp. and 5 B rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg dm-3), with seven replications, in greenhouse. Plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass, leaf, stem and total were evaluated at 120 days after emergence. The stains of Trichoderma spp. and B rates presented significant interaction for all evaluated variables, decreasing phytotoxicity. The strain IBLF006WP (T. harzianum) showed a higher capacity of increasing the plants' tolerance to boron, followed by URM5911 (T. asperellum). However, the beneficial effect of increasing this tolerance with the application of these strains is only feasible for soils with high contents of this micronutrient in the soil.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of corn hybrids for grain productivity and fresh produce marketability in two crop seasons. The experiment applied the completely randomized block design with three replications, during 2013-14 and 2014-15 crops. Ten hybrids indicated for the Midwest region of Goiás state were used, namely 2B512PW, 2B587PW, 2B707PW, 30F35HR, 30F53YH, BRS1055, BM3061, P3646H and P3862YH. Hybrid AG1051 was used as control. The studied variables were ear height (EH), unhusked ear productivity (UEP), husked ear productivity (HEP), marketable ear productivity (MEP), marketable ear length (MEL), marketable ear diameter (MED), grain mass (GM), and gross revenue (GR). Records show that hybrid P3646H achieved results lower than the control in all the analyzed variables, regardless of the crop season, whereas hybrids 2B512PW, BRS1055 and P3862YH showed figures similar to AG1051 in 2013/14 crop and lower ones in 2014/15. Therefore, would not represent direct market competitors, as the control hybrid holds a significant share in the domestic market. Hybrids 2B587PW, 30F35HR, 30F53YH and BM3061 presented the greatest suitability for fresh corn consumption, as featured the highest number of favorable traits for that market.
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