The current range and relative abundance of the Egyptian Mongoose Herpestes ichneumon (L.) in Portugal were studied using data obtained through direct field observations, personal communications and answers to enquiries. The present northern limit of its distribution has extended well beyond the Tagus River in most of its Portuguese range, indicating a probable expansion in recent years. A consistent increase in abundance was detected from north to south, latitude being highly correlated with computed indices of Mongoose abundance. The best‐fit model for predicting Mongoose relative abundance in the country considers latitude and human population density simultaneously. Altitude is the only environmental variable significantly correlated with the Mongoose abundance once the influence of latitude is discounted. Available information appears to indicate that the Portuguese Mongoose population is increasing, nevertheless research is needed in order to assess the impact of current predator control schemes on local populations.

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As aranhas errantes das famílias Ctenidae e Sparassidae são noturnas e podem ser encontradas principalmente no folhiço forrageando em locais próximos umas das outras na região amazônica. A coexistência entre estas aranhas sugere que elas competem por alimento e abrigos e, por serem predadores generalistas, a predação intraguilda também pode limitar a abundância de suas populações. Neste estudo, investigamos os efeitos da fragmentação florestal sobre a densidade de aranhas, cujas populações estão sujeitas ao isolamento e a redução de seus hábitats. Sete fragmentos florestais (£10 ha) e nove áreas de mata contínua (>1000 ha) foram comparados quanto à densidade das espécies de Ctenidae e Sparassidae, em uma floresta de terra-firme na Amazônia Central. Testes com ANOVA revelaram que os ctenídeos foram mais suscetíveis à fragmentação da floresta por terem suas populações reduzidas nos fragmentos onde, por outro lado, os esparassídeos foram mais abundantes. Portanto, os fragmentos estudados foram considerados ambientes alterados por não serem capazes de manter as populações destas aranhas nos níveis observados na mata contínua. Além disso, a correlação entre a densidade de ctenídeos e esparassídeos foi negativa na área de estudo (Pearson, r = -0,527, n = 16) indicando que é provável, que a competição por recursos e, talvez, a predação intraguilda tenham um papel importante no tamanho destas populações. Porém, um melhor conhecimento a respeito das interações entre as espécies de Ctenidae e Sparassidae (competição interespecífica e predação intraguilda) é fundamental para o entendimento de como a coexistência entre elas pode influenciar na suscetibilidade destas aranhas à fragmentação da floresta.

Understanding scorpion responses to environmental disturbances in forest remnants is important because, as generalist predators, they exert pressure on a wide variety of arthropod populations that contribute to forest health. In this study, we investigate the drivers of scorpion Tityus pusillus Pocock, 1893 and Ananteris mauryi Lourenço, 1982 abundance in 11 Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants. Six environmental factors (litter dry mass, remnant area, leaf litter depth, diameter at breast height of tree, canopy openness, and tree density) were assessed. Field surveys were conducted at night using ultraviolet lamps. From a sample of 1125 captured specimens, approximately 90% were T. pusillus and 7% were A. mauryi. The abundance of T. pusillus, but not A. mauryi, was positively correlated with litter dry mass. Other variables had no effect on the abundance of either species. These results suggest differences in the response of the species to environmental factors on a smaller scale. Behavior difference in foraging between T. pusillus (sit-and-wait) and A. mauryi (wandering) and microhabitat selection may also contribute to explain the influence of litter dry mass on the abundance of T. pusillus but not on the abundance of A. mauryi.

The species of the genus Centroctenus can be distinguished from other Ctenidae genera by the presence of a long tibiae and the absence of a retrolateral projection of the cymbium in the male palp, and by the presence of a rounded spermathecae in the female epigynum. The composition of this spider genus is herein expanded to eleven Neotropical species, with the description of six new species: Centroctenus dourados sp. n., C. claudia sp. n., C. chalkidisi sp. n., and C. varzea sp. n., from Brazil; and Centroctenus coloso sp. n. from Colombia and Centroctenus alinahui sp. n. from Ecuador. A map with the distribution of all known species in the genus is presented.

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We studied sexual dimorphism (SD) and reproductive behavior in the litter‐dwelling scorpion, Tityus pusillus. SD was determined by measuring seven body structure attributes (prosoma, mesosoma, and metasoma lengths, and pedipalp chelae and metasomal segment V lengths and widths) in 634 individuals (211 males and 423 females) from the Arachnological Collection of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Reproductive behavior was observed in 55 couples during nocturnal activity observations conducted in the laboratory. In addition, we evaluated gestation time, hemispermatophore replacement, and sequential courtship. Individuals of T. pusillus exhibited typical reproductive behavior, with a short courtship time (averaging 10±5 min). Males only accepted new partners at least 48 h after first mating, suggesting that this period may be necessary for hemispermatophore production. Females did not accept new partners for 24–48 h after their first mating. The average gestation period was 85±12 d, ranging 60–100 d. Our results showed a more complex picture of SD than previously described for this species, including features characteristic of both sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and sexual body component dimorphism in scorpions. In general, considering the relatively large size of the prosoma and mesosoma in T. pusillus, it seems reasonable to conclude that female‐biased SSD exists in the species, and that male‐biased sexual body component dimorphism is evident in the metasoma and chelae.