This study evaluated the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 257 healthy equids of Uberlândia were assessed for the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. by using the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was done to evaluate the possible risk factors (species of equids, age, gender, economic activity, and contact with domestic and wild animals) associated with the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. The total seroprevalence against Leishmania spp. was 24.1% (62/257); representing seroprevalence levels of 22.7% (55/242) in horses, 50% (4/8) in mules, and 42.9% (3/7) in ponies from all regions evaluated. The species of equid was the only factor that contributed to an elevated seroprevalence of Leishmania spp.
Neospora caninum causes reproductive disorders in dairy cattle such as repeat breeding, abortion, and anestrus, which are risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of N. caninum in Brazil and worldwide. This study aimed to verify the risk factors related to the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. During, January to July 2013, 740 blood samples were collected from 57 herds with a history of reproductive disorders and determinations of antibody titers against N. caninum were obtained by ELISA assay. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was 18.4% (136/740). Risk factors for N. caninum were cows greater than 2 years of age (P = 0.034), mechanical milking (P = 0.012), and frequent purchase of animals (P = 0.004), in addition to individual history of abortion (P = 0.007) and repeat breeding (P = 0.030). The highest probability of occurrence of associated risk factors was associated with individual history of abortion and repeated breeding and the frequent purchase of animals, with odds of 12.8, 5.9, and 3.8 times, respectively. In conclusion, the risk factors associated with N. caninum: members of the female sex and cows with more than 2 yearsof-age, mechanical milking, and the frequent purchase of animals, in addition to individual history of abortion and repeated breeding.
Alterations in andrological values and liver enzymes in Nellore bulls with clinical signs of natural poisoning by Urochloa spp. Intoxication of cattle by species of Urochloa spp are frequently reported in the literature. However, intoxications in adult animals are rare. Thus, the present work deals with the case of poisoning by two species of Urochloa (brachiaria), in 2 Nellore bulls, 30 months old, weighing approximately 407.8±38.2 kg, managed in an extensive grazing system, in the municipality of Porto Real -RJ. In the clinical examinations, the presence of signs of intoxication was verified: tachypnea, pale mucous membranes, amber urine and in jets, semi-pasty stools, pink ejaculates, lesions on the skin and preputial mucosa, and weight loss. In the andrological exams it was observed in the seminal characteristics, reduction of sperm concentration (187 and 224.4x10 7 / mL), motility (15 and 10%), vigor (1 and 2) and increase of major defects (5.5 and 4.5%), total defects (29.5 and 28.8%) and AST (71.2 and 82.7 U/L) and ALT (43.7 and 53.1 U/L) enzymatic profile values. After removing the animals from the paddocks with the presence of the Urochloa, the affected animals showed good recovery. Clinical and andrological examinations associated with laboratory tests were essential for the diagnosis of poisoning in bovine breeders kept in pastures with these grasses. In regions with soils with a lot of organic matter and moisture, intercropping Urochloa with other tropical forages in the daily diet is suggested to prevent cattle poisoning.
Background: Several studies have demonstrated variations in peripartum blood biochemical analytes used to monitor the health status of mares and their foals of different breeds. Objectives:We aimed to characterize the physiologic changes of peripartum energy and mineral metabolism in healthy Quarter Horse mares and their neonatal foals.Methods: Blood samples were initially collected from 17 mares on days 60 and 30 prepartum, and from mares and their foals on the day of parturition (after colostrum ingestion), and on days 15, 30, and 60 postpartum. The serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol (T-Cho), triglyceride, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured using commercial kits.Statistical differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (parametric variables) or the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test (nonparametric variables). Results: Fourteen of 17 healthy Quarter Horse mares and their neonatal foals remained in the study until termination. Serum BHBA, T-Cho, and calcium concentrations in mares showed significant differences during the observation period. Serum BHBA concentrations increased from 60 days prepartum to 60 days postpartum. Postpartum serum T-Cho and calcium concentrations significantly decreased until day-30 postpartum. In the foals, NEFA, T-Cho, calcium, and magnesium concentrations significantly differed between sampling times. In the foals, serum NEFA concentrations decreased from parturition until day-60 postpartum, while serum T-Cho, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were lowest at day-30 postpartum. Conclusions: The temporal changes observed in the blood biochemical analytes of this study could be used to improve the clinical evaluation of periparturient mare and neonatal foal Quarter Horses.
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