This study conducted a randomized clinical trial in 15 patients, who sought care at the Dental Clinic of the University of Passo Fundo, in order to compare the use of low-level laser and botulinum toxin in the treatment of myofascial pain and whether they alter the mouth opening of patients with temporomandibular disorder. The patients were divided into two groups: the Laser group received low-level GaAlAs laser, 100mW of power at a wavelength of 830nm in continuous light emission; and the Toxin group received 30U of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the first session, and 15U after fifteen days. The assessments were performed by measuring pain with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and mouth opening with a digital caliper. Data were submitted to Student's t test at 5% significance level. Regarding pain symptoms, the results indicate that groups treated with laser and toxin registered 7U in VAS, at day 5 the scores were 4.75 and 4.86U, respectively. The laser worked faster (day 12) at 2.75U, and the group treated with BTX-A registered 2.86U at day 30. Both therapies investigated were effective in reducing pain, but the effect of low-level laser was faster than the use of BTX-A. Both treatments showed no statistically significant improvement in mouth opening.

Postsurgical changes of the airways have become a great point of interest because it has been reported that maxillomandibular advancement surgery can improve or eliminate obstructive sleep apnea; however, its treatment effectiveness is still controversial. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of maxillomandibular advancement surgery to increase upper airway volume in adults, comparing before and after treatment. Bibliographic searches of observational studies with no restriction of year or language were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and SciELO for articles published up to April 2015. After verification of duplicate records, 1860 articles were examined. Of these, ten met the eligibility criteria, of which three were excluded for having poor methodological quality. The other seven articles were included in the systematic review and six in the meta-analysis, representing 83 patients. One study whose data were not given in absolute values was excluded from the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the averages of upper airway volume before and after surgery {7.86 cm [95 % CI (6.22, 9.49), p = 1.00)}. Clinical evidence suggests that the upper airway volume is increased after maxillomandibular advancement surgery.

The non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) restored with bulk fill composite have a more favorable biomechanical behavior.

This study aimed to compare the effect of conventional irrigation (CI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with 17% EDTA and QMiX on the maximum depth and percentage of sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and to describe the cleaning of root canal walls by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eighty single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20): EDTA + CI, QMiX + CI, EDTA + PUI, and QMiX + PUI. Ten samples from each group were examined by SEM (2,000×) and the remaining 40 roots were filled with a single gutta-percha cone and AH Plus sealer mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B for analysis by CLSM (10×). Images were assessed at distances of 2 mm (apical), 5 mm (middle), and 8 mm (coronal) from the apex with the Leica Application Suite V4.10 software. The EDTA + PUI and QMiX + PUI protocols presented higher rates of debris/smear layer removal in the apical and middle thirds. The PUI was superior to CI in the maximum depth of sealer penetration at the middle third. The QMiX + PUI group had a higher percentage of sealer penetration at the apical third. The PUI and QMiX protocol improved debris/smear layer removal and tubular dentin sealer penetration.

The LPBM protocol at λ808 nm and λ660 nm as well as whole milk and soy milk favored the periodontal repair process of replanted teeth in rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness, and biocompatibility of two agents used for the chemomechanical removal of carious dentin. Sixty extracted carious human teeth were treated with a conventional bur (CBG) or chemomechanical agents-Papacarie Duo (PG) and Brix 3000 (BG). Treatment efficiency and effectiveness were assessed by the working time for carious dentin removal and Knoop microhardness values, respectively. Human pulp fibroblasts (FP6) were used to evaluate cytotoxicity by incorporating Mtt dye, and genotoxicity was evaluated with the micronuclei test. the carious tissue was removed in a shorter time with cBG (median = 54.0 seconds) than the time required for chemomechanical agents (p = 0.0001). However, the time was shorter for Brix 3000 (BG) than that for Papacarie Duo (PG), showing mean values of 85.0 and 110.5 seconds, respectively. Regarding microhardness testing, all approaches tested were effective (p < 0.05). The final mean microhardness values were 48.54 ± 16.31 KHN, 43.23 ± 13.26 KHN, and 47.63 ± 22.40 KHN for PG, BG, and cBG, respectively. pG decreased cell viability compared to that of BG, but it presented no genotoxicity. Brix 3000 may be a good option for chemomechanical dentin caries removal due to its reduced removal time and lower cytotoxicity compared to the other treatment options. Caries is a multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in the demineralization and remineralization processes on dental hard tissues, and this imbalance might lead to progressive tooth destruction. This imbalance is preceded by a microbiological shift in biofilm, characterized by an acidogenic and aciduric (cariogenic) population. The shift in the bacterial population is related to the consumption of fermentable dietary carbohydrates. The treatment of the disease depends on the reduction of cariogenic bacteria and the arrest or control of their sequelae (the caries lesion) 1. The caries process presents a high prevalence in all age groups 2. Clinically, the chronic or acute classification of lesions has critical significance because it determines the risk of progression of lesions 3. The acute caries lesion is more likely to advance, and if no early treatment is performed, it may develop toward the pulp, reaching over 2/3 of the dentin and consequently leading to painful symptomatology, and possibly require endodontic treatment and even tooth extraction 2,4. Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) is a philosophy of treating dental caries not only by treating cavities but also by modifying patients' behavior considering fillings; however, it is not curative 5. Within this philosophy, when a restoration is needed, the preservation of dental tissue is targeted 6. Selective removal of carious dentin

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of QMiX and 17% EDTA associated to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or manual agitation (MA) on the reduction of E. faecalis, E. coli and LPS from root canals. Forty single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10), according to the final irrigation protocol: EDTA+MA, QMiX+MA, EDTA+PUI, QMiX+PUI. Sample collections were obtained from the root canal content immediately before preparation (baseline-S1), after instrumentation (S2), after final irrigation protocol (S3) and 7 days after instrumentation and final irrigation (S4). The antimicrobial effectivity and on endotoxin content were analyzed by culture procedure (CFU/mL) and LAL assay (EU/mL), respectively. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test (α=5%). QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI reduced 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis bacteria and also prevented E. faecalisregrowth at S4. EDTA significantly reduced E. coli, but it was not effective in reducing E. faecalis. All protocols reduced EU/mL when compared to S1, however at S4 there was a significant reduction of EU/mL only in the QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI groups in relation to S3 and S2, respectively. Final irrigation with QMiX associated with MA or PUI had superior antibacterial efficacy compared to EDTA, eliminating 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis strains. In addition, QMiX+PUI reduced 97.61% of the initial content of LPS.

This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening)-Edel White Infant (EWI)-and whitening toothpastes-Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB)were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media that had been previously exposed to these toothpastes. Cytotoxicity was then assessed using the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT) and the cell survival rate was determined. Genotoxicity was assessed by the micronucleus test (MNT) and the number of micronuclei was determined before and after exposure to the toothpaste solutions. The enamel surface roughness was evaluated in specimens of bovine teeth (n = 10 per group) before and after 10,000 brushing cycles, using the investigated toothpastes. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). According to the MTT assay, EWW and OB presented significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.01), but no genotoxic (MNT) effects (p > 0.05). C toothpaste was statistically significantly abrasive to the enamel surface (p < 0.01). The findings of this study may be helpful for individualized selection of commercial toothpastes, as some whitening toothpastes present significant cytotoxicity and conventional toothpaste cause significant surface changes.