This study conducted a randomized clinical trial in 15 patients, who sought care at the Dental Clinic of the University of Passo Fundo, in order to compare the use of low-level laser and botulinum toxin in the treatment of myofascial pain and whether they alter the mouth opening of patients with temporomandibular disorder. The patients were divided into two groups: the Laser group received low-level GaAlAs laser, 100mW of power at a wavelength of 830nm in continuous light emission; and the Toxin group received 30U of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the first session, and 15U after fifteen days. The assessments were performed by measuring pain with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and mouth opening with a digital caliper. Data were submitted to Student's t test at 5% significance level. Regarding pain symptoms, the results indicate that groups treated with laser and toxin registered 7U in VAS, at day 5 the scores were 4.75 and 4.86U, respectively. The laser worked faster (day 12) at 2.75U, and the group treated with BTX-A registered 2.86U at day 30. Both therapies investigated were effective in reducing pain, but the effect of low-level laser was faster than the use of BTX-A. Both treatments showed no statistically significant improvement in mouth opening.

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The dentists revealed insufficient knowledge on elder abuse. Most of the dentists are not able to identify and manage these cases in the clinical routine.

BackgroundTeriparatide is a synthetic drug similar than PTH (parathyroid hormone), which is currently used as long-term treatment option for patients with bone chronic diseases, as osteoporosis; and this drug can interfere in a positive way in orthodontic movement. Objectives: The medical literature was assessed in the present systematic review in order to determine the level of scientific evidence supporting the influence of teriparatide in induced tooth movement.Material and MethodsThe PRISMA Checklist was followed in this systematic review. Four electronic databases (PubMed; Scopus; ScienceDirect; OpenGrey) were searched without implementing restrictions of year, status, and language of publications. The inclusion criteria consisted of selecting only experimental studies comparing the influence of teriparatide in tooth movement of male Wistar rats. The exclusion criteria consisted of experiments with female rats or other experimental animals, and animals with pathologic conditions. The eligible studies were evaluated based on methodological quality. Two trained examiners performed all the research steps.ResultsThe initial sample comprised 700 studies, which was reduced to 664 after the exclusion of duplicates (n=36). Three articles were selected for the final qualitative analysis. The local administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34 or PTH 1-84 revealed major effectiveness when compared with control groups and systematic administration. Additionally, the dilution of PTH 1-34 within methyl cellulose (MC) gel increased the time range for drug release, enabling to reduce the drug concentration without decreasing the effectiveness of tooth movement.ConclusionsTeriparatide demonstrated potential acceleration of tooth movement in Wistar rats depending on the drug concentration; drug administration; and time for drug release. Key words:Teriparatide, tooth movement, parathyroid hormone, orthodontics.

ResumoIntrodução: Diversos fatores podem interferir no tratamento ortodôntico, sendo importante verificar quais podem prejudicar o seu sucesso. Objetivo: Comparar a duração do tratamento ortodôntico entre respiradores orais e nasais em indivíduos com má oclusão de Angle Classe II, divisão 1. Material e método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico, que utilizou prontuários de pacientes ortodônticos, compreendendo o período de 1999 a 2009, de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram analisados pelas variáveis: idade, sexo, modo respiratório (oral ou nasal) e tempo de tratamento (inicial e final). Os pacientes foram pareados por idade e pelo tratamento utilizado. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste ANOVA (p<0,05). Resultado: A amostra foi composta por 36 indivíduos, sendo 16 do sexo feminino (10 respiradores nasais e 6 orais) e 20 do masculino (8 respiradores nasais e 12 orais), com idades entre nove e 15 anos (média:13,02). Quanto ao tempo de tratamento ortodôntico, os respiradores nasais permaneceram entre 27 e 74 meses (média 39,61) e os orais entre 29 e 50 meses (média 36,66), sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de estudo. Conclusão: O modo respiratório alterado não foi uma variável que interferiu no tempo de tratamento na amostra do estudo.Descritores: Má oclusão; respiração bucal; tratamento ortodôntico. AbstractIntroduction: Several factors can interfere with orthodontic treatment, and it is important to verify which ones may hinder its success. Objective: To compare the duration of orthodontic treatment between nasal and mouth breathers with Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. Material and method: This is an analytical observational study which used the records of orthodontic patients cared at a higher education institution in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, between 1999 and 2009. Data from the following variables were analyzed: age, gender, breathing mode (nasal or oral breathing), and treatment duration (beginning and end). Patients were matched for age and treatment used. The ANOVA test was applied to analyze the study data at 5% significance level (p<0.05). Result: The study sample consisted of 36 individuals, 16 female (10 nasal breathers and six mouth breathers) and 20 males (eight nasal breathers and 12 mouth breathers), aged nine to 15 years (mean age=13.021). As for orthodontic treatment duration, individuals in the nasal breathing group remained between 27 and 74 months (mean duration=39.61) under treatment, whereas treatment of individuals in the mouth breathing group lasted between 29 and 50 months (mean duration=36.66). No statistically significant differences were observed between the study groups. Conclusions: We conclude that the variable altered breathing mode does not interfere with treatment duration.

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