RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inoculação de fungo micorrízico arbuscular na produção de mudas de qualidade, em sistema de pouco insumo, realizou-se um experimento com mudas micropropagadas de bananeira, cultivar Nanicão, em casa de vegetação do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Agrobiologia (Seropédica/RJ), em julho de 1998. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, constituindo-se os tratamentos por três substratos (0, 10% e 20% de matéria orgânica), na presença e ausência de Glomus clarum. A partir dos 65 dias de aclimatização, as mudas desenvolvidas no substrato sem matéria orgânica, submetidas a inoculação com G. clarum, apresentaram efeito positivo significativo da inoculação na altura e no número de folhas. Aos 93 dias, as mudas infectadas, cultivadas no substrato com 0 e 10% de matéria orgânica, mostraram altura e diâmetro superior às não-infectadas. Na colheita, aos 95 dias, constatou-se aumento significativo da massa de folha, pseudocaule e raízes secas, bem como do conteúdo total de fósforo (P) das mudas infectadas em relação às não-infectadas com G. clarum. A avaliação da razão de eficiência radicular mostrou que as mudas dos substratos sem matéria orgâ-nica e com 10%, infectadas com G. clarum, apresentaram maior razão do que as não-infectadas. De maneira geral, a presença de matéria orgânica no substrato proporcionou efeito positivo no desenvolvimento das mudas de bananeira 'Nanicão'. Palavras-chave: fungo micorrízico arbuscular, micropropagação, Glomus clarum, Musa spp. ABSTRACT ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL AND ORGANIC MATTER ON THE ACCLIMATIZATION OF BANANA-TREE SEEDLINGS, CV. NANICÃOWith the objective of evaluating the inoculation effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the development of good-quality banana seedlings, cv. Nanicão, under a low-input system, a greenhouse experiment was done at Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the National Center of Agrobiology Research, in 1998. The experimental design was a randomized block, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of growing micropropagated seedlings in three substrata with 0, 10 and 20% of organic matter, in the presence or absence of the fungus Glomus clarum. The results showed a significant positive effect of the inoculation on seedling height and number of leaves, 65 days after acclimatization. At 93 days, this positive effect was shown also by the pseudostem diameter. After harvest, the seedlings inoculated with G. clarum showed a significant increase in leaf, pseudostem and root dry matter, as well as total phosphorus content and radicular ratio efficiency in comparison to non-inoculated seedlings. As a rule, the addition of organic matter to the substratum led to an increase in the development of banana seedlings, cv. Nanicão, even in the absence of G. clarum.
Este trabalho avaliou a influência da presença de lixiviado de aterro sanitário nas condições operacionais e na microbiota de um sistema de lodos ativados tratando esgoto doméstico. Para isto, foram utilizados dois reatores em escala de bancada. O reator 1 foi alimentado com misturas de lixiviado e esgoto sintético a 0,5% e 5% e o reator 2 funcionou como controle (apenas esgoto sintético). A alimentação se deu por meio de bomba dosadora e o fornecimento de ar foi realizado por bombas de aquário. Os reatores foram operados com TRH de 16 e 23 horas, tendo-se registrado micrografias para identificação dos microrganismos de importância no processo. Ao longo do experimento foi possível observar que logo após a introdução ou aumento da concentração de lixiviado houve queda significativa de biodiversidade e redução na atividade dos microrganismos e que após alguns dias a diversidade e a atividade se reestabeleciam no sistema, mostrando que apesar da introdução de uma matriz mais complexa, os microrganismos foram capazes de se adaptar
The illegal dumping of hazardous waste is one of the most concerning occurrences related to illegal waste activities. The waste management process is quite vulnerable, especially when it comes to assuring the right destination for the delivery of the hazardous waste. The purpose of this paper is to present a new system design and prototype for applying the RFID technology so as to guarantee the correct destination for the hazardous waste delivery. The aim of this innovative approach, compared with other studies that employ the same technology to the waste disposal process, is to focus on the certification that the hazardous waste will be delivered to the right destination site and that no inappropriate disposal will occur in the transportation stage. These studies were carried out based on data collected during visits to two hazardous waste producer companies in Brazil, where the material transportation and delivery to a company in charge of the waste disposal were closely monitored.
ABSTRACT:The Atlantic Forest is reduced to less than 20 % of its original area, but it still protects an important biological heritage. Forest fragmentation makes the environment more susceptible to invasive species occupation. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) was introduced into Brazil in the seventeenth century; and in the second half of the twentieth century, its natural regeneration increased the density of individuals, compromising the recruitment of many native species. This study investigated the impact of A. heterophyllus invasion on the diversity and tree structure component at the edge of an Atlantic Forest fragment, in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Two transect-type plots were set up with 10 m x 100 m (1,000 m 2 ), being divided into 10 subplots of 10 m x 10 m, with a total sampling area of 2,000 m 2 . Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) equals to or greater than 5 cm were tagged and DBH and total height measured. The following phytosociological parameters were estimated: Frequency (F), Density (D), Dominance (Do), Importance (IV) and Coverage (CV) Values. In total, 191 tree individuals were sampled. Invasive species made up more than 35% of the entire vegetation structure in the studied environment, ending in first place in terms of Importance Value (IV = 35.62%). Low floristic wealth seems to have favored the A. heterophyllus invasion process in the community, showing the need for an effective control of the species for the native genetic heritage protection.
RESUMORealizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estudar a colonização radicular por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) no período de pré-enraizamento da mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft). Os tratamentos constaram de dois substratos e dois tamanhos de bandeja de isopor. Utilizou-se um substrato comum constituído de 30% de composto orgânico, 30% de solo argiloso e 30% de areia e um substrato comercial Plantmax® Hortaliças; os tamanhos de bandejas de isopor foram: 128 células/bandeja (38 cm 3 por célula) e 200 células/bandeja (18 cm 3 por célula). Efetuou-se uma inoculação mista de FMAs com solo inóculo composto pelas espécies Gigaspora margarita e Glomus clarum. Houve em ambos os substratos restrita resposta à inoculação dos FMAs, pela baixa colonização radicular, variando de 0,63 a 2,14% no substrato comercial e 7,93 a 15,09% no substrato comum. O substrato comum não apresentou características físicas desejáveis (aeração e drenagem) para um bom desenvolvimento das raízes de mandioquinhasalsa durante a fase de pré-enraizamento. O substrato comercial apresentou maiores médias para a variável área e comprimento radicular em todas as coletas. A área radicular variou de 21,50 cm 2 com 30 DAP a 68,22 cm 2 com 60 DAP, enquanto o comprimento radicular variou de 2,64 m com 30 DAP a 12,64 m com 60 DAP. A bandeja de 200 células (18 cm 3 célula/bandeja) não foi adequada para a produção de mudas de mandioquinha-salsa.Termos para indexação: Batata baroa, endomicorrizas, características radiculares. ABSTRACTThe objective of the work was to study the root colonization by arbuscular micorrhizal fungi (AMF) during the development of Peruvian carrot rhizomes (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft). The treatments consisted of two substrates and two polystyrene trays sizes. A common substrate constituted of 30% of organic compost, 30% of loamy soil and 30% of sand, and a commercial substrate Plantmax® Hortaliças ; and polystyrene trays sizes of 128 cells/tray (38 cm 3 per cell) and 200 cells/tray (18 cm 3 per cell) were used. A mixed inoculation of AMF, with soil inoculum composed by the species Gigaspora margarita and Glomus clarum was done. In both substrates a restricted response of inoculation of AMF, occurred low root colonization, was low ranging from 0.63 to 2.14% in the commercial substrate and 7.93 to 15.09% in the common substrate. The common substrate did not present desirable physical characteristics (aeration and drainage) for a good development of the Peruvian carrot roots during the pre-rooting phase. The commercial substrate resulted in larger averages for root area and length in all the samplings. Root area varied from 21.50 cm 2 with 30 days after planting (DAP) to 68.22 cm 2 with 60 DAP, while root length varied from 2.64 m with 30 DAP to 12.64 m with 60 DAP. The tray of 200 cells (18 cm 3 cell/tray) did not adapt for the production of Peruvian carrot seedlings.
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