Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) act as vectors for devastating pathogens and parasites. Zika virus, an Aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus, is becoming a worldwide public health concern following its suspected association with over 4000 recent cases of microcephaly in the infants of some women who were pregnant when they contracted the disease. There are no specific treatments for Zika virus, thus the eco-friendly and effective control of mosquito vectors is crucial. This research proposed a novel method of seagrass-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using Halodule uninervis as a reducing and capping agent. UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, EDX spectroscopy, XRD and Raman analysis confirmed the rapid and cheap synthesis of AgNP. LC50of H. uninervis extract against Aedes aegypti was 295.629 ppm and LC50of H. uninervis-synthesized AgNP was 12.554 ppm. Microscopy analysis pointed out the uptake of H. uninervis-fabricated AgNP in the midgut of mosquito larvae. In MIC assays, low doses of the AgNP inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Overall, this research shed light on the mosquitocidal potential of H. uninervis, as a bio-resource for the cheap and effective nanosynthesis of mosquitocidal biopesticides

Severe human diseases are spread by mosquitoes, causing millions of deaths every year. Many well-known and severe problems have been caused by the indiscriminate use of synthetic chemical insecticides, such as the residual insecticides for humans and environment and high operating cost in addition to the possibility of developing insect resistance.The larvicidal and delayed effects of the body wall extract of Holothuria scabra and leaves extract of Acalypha fruticosa against 4th instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of H. scabra recorded more larvicidal efficiency(LC50, 79.31 ppm) than A. fruticosa leaves extract (152.86 ppm) by about 1.93 folds.Morphological features showed abnormalities on the larval and pupal stages with H. scabra and to less extent with A. fruticosa. Therefore, it is possible to build on the results of this study to use these two extracts to control of A. aegypti mosquitoes and in line with recent trends in adopting combat methods that are safe on humans and the environment.

A new flavonol triglycoside, rhamnazin 3-O-2-rhamnorutinoside or rhamnazin 3-O-(2″,6″-O-α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-glucoside (1) was isolated along with known flavonols, rhamnazin 3-O-rutinoside (2), rhamnazin 3-O-(6″-O-α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (3), isorhamnetin 3-O-(6″-O-α-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (4), isorhamnetin 3-O-(2″,6″-O-α-di-rhamnosyl)-β-galactoside (5), and isorhamnetin (6), and allantoin (7) from the aqueous methanol extract of Sarcocornia fruticosa leaves. Spectral analyses (UV, MS, and NMR) and acid hydrolysis were used to determine the structures. These compounds in this study except 6 were reported for the first time from the genus Sarcocornia. The extract and flavonol glycosides (1-5) were evaluated for antioxidant and inhibition of HCV protease enzyme. Rhamnazin triglycoside (1) was shown to have a potent HCV protease inhibitor with IC value 8.9 μM, while isorhamnetin di- and triglycosides (4 and 5) were effectively scavenged DPPH radicals with IC values 3.8 and 4.3 μM, respectively.

As each new species evolved, the ossicles changed with it, so each species has uniquely shaped ossicles. Examination of gross morphology and microscopic ossicles showed that this species is Holothoria atra. Color uniformly black or dark brown; when alive body usually covered with sand coating of sand which may also serve to keep it cool by protecting it from the sun's rays. , except for several pairs bare patches dorsally; tables with reduced but sometimes spinose disc. The importance of detailed reproductive biological studies on Holothuria atra are necessary due to its important role in the conservation of the marine environment. This species found on subtidal sand and grassbed, 3to 4 m depth at Kish Island. Distributed throughout most of the tropical Indo-Pacific area. Holothoria atra, is a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria. It is deposit-feeder and is mainly found on sandy bottom of fringing reefs surrounding the Kish island. Holothoria atra, is a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria. Holothuria atra is an omnivore, sifting through the sediment with its tentacles and feeding on detritus and other organic matter. It ingests sand at the same time and digests the biofilm on the sand grains before ejecting them through its anus.

From the green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha, two new naturally halo-benzaldehyde derivatives were isolated by various chromatographic methods along with 10 known metabolites of bromophenols, sulfonoglycolipid, and steroids. Based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as on MS data, the structures of the new compounds were identified as 5-bromo-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde named avrainvilleal (1), and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (2). Using SRB assay, both compounds showed mild and weak cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared to the good activity of their extract (IC50 values 3.1 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively). However, avrainvilleal (1) displayed an effective scavenged DPPH radical activity with IC50 value 3.5 μM, compared to the antioxidant quercetin with IC50 value 1.5 μM.