Engineered exosomes have become popular drug delivery carriers for cancer treatment. Systemic injection of organotropic exosome carrier leads to efficient targeting and efficacious anti-cancer outcome.

Background The construction of a multifunctional drug delivery system with a variety of advantageous features, including targeted delivery, controlled release and combined therapy, is highly attractive but remains a challenge. Results In this study, we developed a MoS 2 -based hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized nanoplatform capable of achieving targeted delivery of camptothecin (CPT) and dual-stimuli-responsive drug release. HA was connected to MoS 2 via a disulfide linkage, forming a sheddable HA shell on the surface of MoS 2 . This unique design not only effectively prevented the encapsulated CPT from randomly leaking during blood circulation but also significantly accelerated the drug release in response to tumor-associated glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the MoS 2 -based generated heat upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation could further increase the drug release rate as well as induce photothermal ablation of cancer cells. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that MoS 2 –SS–HA–CPT effectively suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited tumor growth in lung cancer cell-bearing mice under NIR irradiation via synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy. Conclusions The as-prepared MoS 2 –SS–HA–CPT with high targeting ability, dual-stimuli-responsive drug release, and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0510-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an extremely rare type of soft tissue sarcoma. The primary sites of ASPS are mostly located in the extremities and trunk. Primary pulmonary ASPS is extremely rare. A search of the PubMed® database identified only five cases of primary pulmonary ASPS. This current case report describes the sixth case of ASPS in a 15-year-old male that presented with recurrent headaches. Head computed tomography showed space-occupying lesions in the left parietal lobe. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography confirmed the space-occupying lesions in the left parietal lobe and showed multiple nodules and masses in the two lungs and pleura, which were considered to be low-grade malignant mesenchymal tumours. The case report presents the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process. Programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody (sintilimab) combined with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (anlotinib hydrochloride) achieved a good therapeutic effect, indicating that this combination therapy is worth exploring further. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to explore and develop standardized treatments for ASPS.