a new method of locating the pinch is presented for the design of heat exchanger networks. The method is based on the pinch design method for heat exchanger networks which was first introduced by Linnhoff. The method first consider both the heat loss of a hot stream and the heat capacity flowrate of a stream with variation in temperature in the design of heat exchanger networks. Which affect not only minimum utility requirement for heat exchanger network but also the pinch location, choice ofΔTmin

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the incidence and predictors of atrial high-rate events (AHREs) in patients with permanent pacemaker implants.Methods: A total of 289 patients who were implanted with a dual-chamber pacemaker due to complete atrioventricular block or symptomatic sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and had no previous history of atrial fibrillation were included in the present study. AHREs are defined as events with an atrial frequency of ≥175 bpm and a duration of ≥5 min. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not AHREs were detected during the follow-up: group A (AHRE+, n = 91) and group N (AHRE–, n = 198).Results: During the 12-month follow-up period, AHREs were detected in 91 patients (31.5%). The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patient age [odds ratio [OR] = 1.041; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.018–1.064; and P < 0.001], pacemaker implantation due to symptomatic SSS (OR = 2.225; 95% CI, 1.227–4.036; and P = 0.008), and the percentage of atrial pacing after pacemaker implantation (OR = 1.010; 95% CI, 1.002–1.017; and P = 0.016) were independent AHRE predictors.Conclusion: The AHRE detection rate in patients with pacemaker implants was 31.5%. Patient age, pacemaker implantation due to symptomatic SSS, and the percentage of atrial pacing after pacemaker implantation were independent AHRE predictors.

a novel method of locating the pinch is presented for the design of heat exchanger networks. The method is based on the pinch design method for heat exchanger networks which was first introduced by Linnhoff. The method first consider the heat capacity flowrate of a stream with variation in temperature. This is because heat capacity flowrate of a stream with variation in temperature not only affect minimum utility requirement for heat exchanger network but also affect the pinch location, choice ofΔTmin.

The technology for bleaching of the starch glycoside surfactant was studied by using hydrogen peroxide as the major decoloring agent, coupled with magnesium sulfate, sodium silicate and EDTA as additive agents. The technic of decoloration was optimized through the orthogonal experimentation. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the resulting products exhibit good stability. After 72h stability test, only a little change of 1.01% by U-2001 spectrophotometer at absorbance 470 nm. The absorbance was observed by compared with the products before decoloration and after. The main composition and structure of the starch glycoside surfactant were analyzed by infrared spectrum (IR) and gas chromatography (GC). The experimental results show that the technics of decoloration for the starch glycoside surfactant are feasible and simple which may be useful for practical applications.