The paper examines control and management by thermal mode of the internal surface of heat-insulated combustion chamber walls for green & efficient diesel and gas turbine engines due to the application of opaque or semitransparent thermal barrier materials (coatings). The authors’ model is devoted to combined radiant heat transfer both inside the heat-insulated combustion chamber and its ceramics walls, which could be scattering and absorbing for penetrating radiant component in the subsurface volume of optically heterogeneous porous material. The influence of thermal conduction, scattering (absorption) and external convective effects on the increase of the internal overheating zone in subsurface layers is simulated under intensive radiation. The unique set of optical, thermal-physical and mechanical properties of structural ceramics, depending on their porosity, were first proposed. The radiation fields of the absorbed energy in the near IR region and the corresponding temperature distributions in the modeled opaque and semitransparent ceramics walls were calculated under a stationary radiant-convective heat load during the active combustion phase at time intervals 0.01…0.1 s (diesel engines) and 10...100 s (turbine ones). In order to control the emission of nitrogen oxides, the authors propose a generation model of NOx, its growth or reduction caused by the management of radiant overheating inside semitransparent heat-insulation in which surface temperature is due to volumetric radiant absorption. It is shown that for semitransparent materials (coatings), the optimal thermal mode is determined first of all by thermal radiant characteristics in near IR at heating small times and it begins to correct at long ones due to the effect of thermal conductivity. This process may be modeled and regulated by the selected microstructural porosity of ceramic heat insulation.
Currently remote and digital services are significantly expanding, replacing entire departments of industrial enterprises. In the near future, it is possible that fabless-companies will conduct large-scale development, but carry out only intellectual research and development tasks, carrying out organizational and entrepreneurial activities.
This paper discusses the methods and foundations of a prospective organization, which can achieve an increase in profits using automated manufacturing of the entire production, marketing and logistic functions by cross-industry third-party interconnected companies. Resulting methods and algorithms are applicable primarily to such industries as the production of electronic devices, modules and devices, electrical engineering, instrumentation and mechanical engineering in general.
The algorithm of such digital factory is described.
A description of a full electric propulsion system demonstrator with an energy source based on a battery pack for an ultralight manned Sigma-4 aircraft is presented. The main characteristics and functionality of the main units and devices of the electric propulsion system and its control system are presented.
Improving the quality of weather forecasts and the reliability of climate research requires increasing the reliability of measurements. This paper presents results for optical sensors attached to radiosondes. These sensors can measure cloud-top height (CTH) with high accuracy, determine the presence of precipitation particles in clouds and the height of the boundary between the tropospheric and stratospheric air masses. These research findings are especially important in the Arctic, where the reliability of cloud data is poor, especially during polar nights. With the help of a visible range optical sensor, during the daytime, it is possible to measure CTH with an accuracy of 50 meters. Using data from an IR sensor it is possible to measure CTH both day and night. The paper also discusses the possibility of using optical sensors in an observational network. The results from this study could be useful for both weather forecasting and climate research.
This paper examines the creation of the hybrid power control system with dense layout of units for the various vehicles. The relevance of the topic is proved by the several publications of Toyota Motors, Subaru Corporation, Texas Instruments and others, who have implemented similar decisions in their electronic control units. The mathematical model and the developed prototype are suitable for gasoline internal combustion engine, where the main feature of this development is the support and control of energy generation. Due to the dense layout of particular vehicles it is necessary to resolve the issues of electromagnetic compatibility, based on protection and decoupling of various elements among themselves. The controlling device for the internal combustion engine of vehicle carries out a complete decoupling of control and signal circuits, and protection of power for integrated circuits. These constructive decisions include the installation of optically decoupled devices, protective diodes and resistances for bypassing the high voltage surges. The proposed concept includes the control of the engine cooling, ignition, engine rate and throttle, generation current, engine startup and cut-off. The prototype working on this concept has an increased uptime and working distance. These features ensure the stability of the engine and its primary characteristics of rate support and generation current control. Processes of installation prototype modeling, technical decisions and reliability issues have been described. This work can be used to develop the engine control units with high reliability and diverse set of functions.
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