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The experimental set-up is developed for detection of reflection and transparence coefficients of semitransparent materials within visible and IR radiation diapasons. The peculiarity of the set-up is using the spectral photometric integrating spheres for effect compensation of reflection indicatrices of tested materials with fixed wavelengths 0.63 µm 1.15 µm (near IR), 2.79 µm and 3.39 µm (middle infrared) of probing laser radiation. In the first case the integrating sphere is a photometric ball which made from porous fluoroplastic with high reflectivity up to 97-99%. For the second range an aluminum sphere (sand blasting) was used. The application of the photometric sphere reduced the measurement error, connected with different sensitivity of photosensors to beam slope angle of detected radiation reflected (transmitted) for flat material samples with different indicatrices of reflection (transmission). The proposed method of experimental measurements of spectral photometric characteristics of reflection and transparent improve the accuracy of theoretical estimations of the optical (thermoradiation) parameters (absorption and scattering indexes), as well as the functions of a thermal radiation heat source for the calculation of temperature fields in semitransparent materials. For the first time, a computational and experimental estimation of scattering and absorption indexes (with an accuracy not less than 1%) were carried out for semitransparent materials with high scattering (porous ceramics based on stabilized zirconium dioxide) in the middle infrared range of wavelengths which is most problematic for optical measurements.

At present, issues of ecosystem self-organization and the mechanisms for their sustainable development have been insufficiently explored in academic literature. The key idea of our research is that for enterprises interacting in different industries based on a network partnership, a special tool is needed to ensure the openness of interaction between participants in the transfer of knowledge, technology, information, and resources. The authors argue that the development and practical implementation of a cross-sectoral digital ecosystem platform will allow for the synchronizing of the scientific and technological progress of several industries, making the most effective use of the synergistic effect from the interaction of ecosystem actors and ensuring the transparency and openness of the ongoing processes therein. The authors demonstrate their propositions with the example of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) industry. The proposed model and mechanism of cross-sectoral interaction can be replicated in different technological niches, such as robotics, neurotechnology, quantum technologies, etc. The conclusions arising from the conducted research provide scientists, government bodies, and decision-makers with the necessary information for a better understanding of practical mechanisms and tools that allow for the implementation of self-organization and sustainable development in modern innovation ecosystems.

The presented study examines the fundamental prerequisites for the emergence of digital platforms, which would provide a global view of the role that platforms play in creating a new organizational model — an ecosystem of high-tech industries.Aim. In the context of industrial digitalization, the study aims to substantiate the creation of a modern mechanism for coordinating high-tech market participants within a single economic and organizational space — an ecosystem based on a cross-industry digital platform.Tasks. The authors analyze the international experience of implementing digital platforms, identify problems and provide recommendations for solving them in the context of digital platform implementation in the Russian industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to analyze the current vector of industrial development driven by the introduction of ecosystems as a new organizational and economic model; describe the principles of their formation, possible structure, and main differences from traditional cluster and network models; substantiate that an ecosystem model allows its participants to achieve a positive synergistic effect in the implementation of their strategic development goals in the context of digital transformation.Results. The issues of using the tools of an industrial digital platform to facilitate the interaction between participants within an ecosystem are considered. Platform solutions in the industry show great promise in terms of analyzing large amounts of data, reducing transaction costs, and obtaining “perfect information”. The direction for the implementation of cross-industry digital platforms and creation of ecosystems in the near future is characterized.Conclusions. Digital cross-industry interaction within the framework of a common platform will expand external communications and promotion channels, making it possible to introduce digital business models and diversify production, but also requiring compatibility between the systems of industrial enterprises and a functioning digital platform and cloud environment.

The study focuses on the research of fundamental reasons underlying the emergence of digital platform providing the formation of the global view on the role of digital platforms for building of a new organizational structure - “high-tech industrial ecosystem”. The purpose of the study is the validation of development a modern mechanism for the coordination of high-tech market entities within a single economic and organizational space – the ecosystem based upon the cross-industry digital platform. This study, using general methods of scientific knowledge in various aspects, analyses the modern vector of the industrial growth explained by the implementation of ecosystems as new organizational and economic models. The principles for their formation, the probable structure, main differences from the traditional cluster and network models are reflected. It is proved that it is the ecosystem model that makes the ecosystem members achieve a positive synergetic effect during the implementation of their strategic growth targets in the conditions of digital transformation. The article considers the application of tools of the industrial digital platform providing for the implementation of interaction between ecosystem members. Platform-based solutions have the big future from the viewpoint of the large data arrays analysis, reduced transaction losses and “perfect information” obtaining. As a result, the immediate course for introduction of cross-industry digital platform and ecosystem building is justified. Digital cross-industry interaction within the platform will help to expand external communication and promotion channels, introduce digital business models and diversify production but it requires the provision of compatibility between the systems of industrial companies, functioning of a single digital platform and the cloud-based environment.

Introduction of digital technologies causes transformation of all mechanisms of enterprise management. On the basis of processing and systematization of theoretical and practical and applied works by Russian and overseas researchers and reports of official statistics the authors study specific features of the process of ensuring economic security (ES) in conditions of digitalization, analyze and systematize the lines in its development and show ways of further upgrading. The lines in developing mechanisms of ES ensuring lie in the field of available tools, methods of risk estimation and threat identification, indicators and coefficients of the economic security level, supporting subsystems, including personnel, legal, informational and managerial systems. Upgrading the system of risk estimation can be carried out in view of criteria of their identification. Within the frames of the research the authors showed specific risks of economic security arising in the process of digitalization of company management: inadequacy of digital infrastructure, insufficiency of digital tools, undeveloped digital competences. The principle internal risks of economic security are misunderstanding of digital transformation concept at the top management level and the gap in digital development of employees. The authors think that improvement of mechanisms of the enterprise ES is connected with raising the level of technical, informational and program support, the level of employees’ competences.

The publication summarizes the results of the most important long-term historical stage of research by the University's faculty and is dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the founding of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (REU) and the 70th anniversary of the Department of industrial Economics of REU. In preparing this textbook, the authors relied on the experience of teaching the discipline " Economics of an enterprise (organization, firm)" by the faculty of the Department of industrial Economics of PRUE and the results of many years of research by a team of scientists of the scientific school "Industrial and economic security". A distinctive feature of the textbook is a systematic approach to presenting the views of the leading scientific schools of Russia in the field of Economics and management of enterprises and production complexes. Sections of the publication are supplemented with modern material that takes into account current and future trends in the development of production, and cover current issues of industrial and economic security. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher education institutions studying in the field of training (specialty) 38.03.01 Economics (bachelor's level), as well as for students of postgraduate education, researchers, and other professionals interested in studying the course of the discipline " Economics of an enterprise (organization, firm)".

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