High serum uric acid (SUA) and triglyceride (TG) levels might promote high-cardiovascular risk phenotypes across the cardiometabolic spectrum. However, SUA predictive power in the presence of normal and high TG levels has never been investigated. We included 8124 patients from the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study cohort who were followed for over 20 years and had no established cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled metabolic disease. All-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were explored by the Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox multivariable regression, adopting recently defined SUA cut-offs for ACM (≥4.7 mg/dL) and CVM (≥5.6 mg/dL). Exploratory analysis across cardiometabolic subgroups and a sensitivity analysis using SUA/serum creatinine were performed as validation. SUA predicted ACM (HR 1.25 [1.12–1.40], p < 0.001) and CVM (1.31 [1.11–1.74], p < 0.001) in the whole study population, and according to TG strata: ACM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.26 [1.12–1.43], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (1.31 [1.02–1.68], p = 0.033), and CVM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.46 [1.23–1.73], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR 1.31 [0.99–1.64], p = 0.060). Exploratory and sensitivity analyses confirmed our findings, suggesting a substantial role of SUA in normotriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In conclusion, we report that SUA can predict ACM and CVM in cardiometabolic patients without established cardiovascular disease, independent of TG levels.
Intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) impairment and enteric inflammation are involved in the onset of obesity and gut-related dysmotility. Dietary supplementation with natural plant extracts represents a useful strategy for the management of body weight gain and systemic inflammation associated with obesity. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a food supplement containing the dry extract of Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia in counteracting enteric inflammation and motor abnormalities in a mouse model of obesity, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice, fed with standard diet (SD) or HFD, were treated with a natural mixture (Curcumin, Emblica and Cassia). After 8 weeks, body weight, BMI, liver and spleen weight, along with metabolic parameters and colonic motor activity were evaluated. Additionally, plasma LBP, fecal calprotectin, colonic levels of MPO and IL-1β, as well as the expression of occludin, TLR-4, MYD88 and NF-κB were investigated. Plant-based food supplement administration (1) counteracted the increase in body weight, BMI and metabolic parameters, along with a reduction in spleen and liver weight; (2) showed strengthening effects on the IEB integrity; and (3) reduced enteric inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as ameliorated the colonic contractile dysfunctions. Natural mixture administration reduced intestinal inflammation and counteracted the intestinal motor dysfunction associated with obesity.
Estado de la cuestiónIntentar una definición del papel que don Francisco de Quevedo jugó en Italia durante los dos virreinatos del duque de Osuna parece ser una tarea tan atrayente como compleja: la enorme cantidad de ensayos que versan sobre el tema es una prueba indudable de la afición que ha llevado a muchos estudiosos a investigar este aspecto de la biografía de nuestro autor que, sin embargo, queda aún en parte oscuro. Las razones de esta atención, casi morbosa, hacia los años italianos de don Francisco quizá haya que buscarlas, en primer lugar, en su repentino abandono de la pluma y en el consiguiente alejamiento de los círculos culturales (especialmente napolitanos) para entregarse por completo a asuntos político-diplomáticos; en segunda instancia, en el mito que se vino a crear alrededor del escritor, sobre todo en relación a su participación en la supuesta conjura antiveneciana de mayo de 1618.De la primera razón que hemos aducido procede tanto cierta obstinada pretensión de encontrar obras ignoradas de Quevedo, atribuibles a la etapa italiana, como un inagotable afán de aclarar, de una vez por todas, la función que el escritor desempeñó al servicio del duque de Osuna. La profusión de estudios acerca de la posible paternidad quevediana del Aviso de Parnaso anónimo antiveneciano, titulado La República de Venecia llega al Parnaso y refiere a Apolo el estado en que se halla (1617), parece ser el testimonio principal de la tenaz resistencia de muchos investigadores a aceptar el silencio del Quevedo literato en el periodo transcurrido en Italia. A partir de las primeras referencias a la existencia del libelo, los estudiosos se han enfrentado con el difícil
La producción poética quevediana —especialmente de tipo amoroso y laudatorio— muestra una evidente predilección del autor hacia la imagen del volcán en sus distintas variedades connotativas: simbólica, mitológica y de reevocación paisajística. El frecuente empleo de tal imagen (que en la poesía amorosa se relaciona casi sólo con la tópica antítesis petrarquista de nieve y fuego exasperada por la recurrente asociación al lexema venas, mientras que en los poemas encomiásticos es casi siempre el vehículo para la evocación del episodio mítico de la Gigantomaquia) y su amplificación expresiva encuentran su apropiada colocación en un contexto de experimentación poética que parece ajeno a la verdadera tradición petrarquista.
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