This study showed that intrathecal tramadol (25 mg) can safely replace intrathecal fentanyl (25 μg) in the management of visceral pain and discomfort during subarachnoid block for appendicectomy.

Dexamethasone protects against the incidence of late PONV with a minimal effect on early PONV. The combination of dexamethasone and metoclopramide had comparable effect on both and of better magnitude than metoclopramide alone.

The study demonstrated that ketamine gargle has more protection against moderate to severe postoperative pain as compared to topical lidocaine jelly. Patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation will benefit from ketamine gargle five minutes before induction of anaesthesia as prophylaxis against postoperative throat pain.

Beyond 10 min the crystalloid-colloid combination has no advantage over colloid alone in hypotension prophylaxis, as used in this study.

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Forty four patients scheduled for elective surgery of short to moderate duration (< 90 minutes) were recruited into this study. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol 2.5mg/kg and maintained with continuous intravenous infusion of pre-mixed propofol and normal saline containing 2mg/ml of propofol. Suxamethonium 1mg/kg was used to facilitate endotracheal intubation. No long-acting muscle relaxant was used. Intravenous ketamine 0.5mg/kg stat dose was given for analgesic supplement, and 0.25mg/kg subsequent intermittent doses on signs of inadequate anaesthesia. The propofol infusion was stopped at the end of the surgery. Mean duration of anaesthesia was 56.5 ± 2.6 minutes while mean recovery time was 10.6 ± 4.6 minutes. The mean post-anaesthetic recovery scores (PARS) were 4.35/6, 5.17/6, 5.80/6 and 5.85/6 at admission to the recovery room and after 15 minutes, 30 minutes and discharge to the ward respectively. There were no incidents of extreme haemodynamic fluctuations or emergence phenomena noticed in any of the patients.

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