Mirderikvand (2019) The mediating role of the metacognition, time perspectives and experiential avoidance on the relationship between childhood trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms,

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Introduction and purpose:Depression is effect by several psychological factors, that from most important can be note social support and loneliness noted. Therefore this research aimed to predict depression based on the mediating role of social support loneliness among the elderly. Materials and Methods:This is a descriptive study of correlational type. The statistical population of this research included all elderly of Khorramabad City in 2016 year that from them 100 elders was selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included the questionnaires Beck Depression ( 1961), Social Support (wax & et al, 1986), loneliness Russell (1966) that were completed by samples. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS-24 software and correlation and multiple regressions with enter model methods. Findings:The results indicated that: the subscales of family support and friend support negatively predict depression. The subscales of social support, negatively predict loneliness. Conclusion:According to the findings of this research social support mediated by loneliness can affect depression. Therefore, the role of these variables in predicting depression, the results can provide useful information to reduce depression and loneliness in old people's families.

Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder is a set of clinical symptoms that occurs following exposure to life-threatening events, and affects a variety of psychological variables. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy on social support and the severity of symptoms in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, post-test and a two-month follow-up design and a control group. Using stratified sampling method, 30 patients (15 subjects in each group) with post-traumatic stress disorder referred to Farabi Psychiatric Clinic in Kermanshah City selected and they were randomly assigned. The Mean age of the sample group was 31.9.The study inclusion criteria was having PTSD based on clinical interview. The study exclusion criteria included having psychosis symptoms, drug addiction. The data were collected by structured clinical interview (SCID-I), social support scale (MOS), and the fifth edition of the post-traumatic stress disorder index (PCL-5). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that prolonged exposure therapy was significantly effective in increasing social support (F=2/66, P<0/01) and reducing the severity of symptoms (F=42/19, P<0/01) among the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: These results indicate that prolonged exposure therapy can alleviate the symptoms of the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.