The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth with immature root is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA offers the option of a two-visit apexification procedure so that the fragile tooth can be restored immediately. However, difficulty in placing the material in the wide apical area requires the use of an apical matrix. Materials such as collagen, calcium sulfate, and hydroxyapatite have been used for this purpose. This article describes the use of resorbable suture material to form the apical matrix which offers many advantages over the contemporary materials.
Background: The root canal sealers form an important component of the three dimensional obturation of the root canals. Moreover, the penetration of the sealers into the dentinal tubules is a desirable phenomenon for their adequate sealing and antibacterial action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic activation on the intratubular penetration of bioceramic root canal sealer. Methods: Eighty extracted human mandibular premolars were divided into 2 groups (n =40) according to the sealer activation method used to obturate the root canals instrumented with F3 Pro-Taper instruments .The canals were obturated using Protaper F3 guttapercha cones. Previously, the bio ceramic sealer was labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow analysis under a confocal microscope. The two groups were: UA (ultrasonically activated) and NA (no activation; control). All samples were sectioned at 3 and 8 mm from the apex. The percentages of dentinal sealer penetration segments of canal were analyzed. Results: Students T test was performed for the statistical analysis and we found that there was a significant increase in tubular penetration for the ultrasonic activation group.Conclusion: Use of ultrasonic activation of a bioceramic sealer promoted greater dentinal sealer penetration.
Introduction: Canal preparation and shaping is one of the major steps in root canal treatment. Study aimed to compare and evaluate the shaping ability of three different rotary Ni-Ti endodontic file systems in root canals of extracted molar teeth. Material and methods: A total of 60 extracted human mandibular first molar teeth with curvature ranging between 15-30 0 were used in this study. Specimens were embedded in a modified muffle system and sectioned horizontally at three levels before preparation anitind were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Root canal preparation was performed with ProTaper, RaCe and Varitaper Ni-Ti instruments. Cross section images were taken both before and after instrumentation under a stereomicroscope connected to charged couple device (CCD) camera at a fixed position and magnification. Pre and post radiographs and images obtained were analyzed to evaluate the shaping ability (in terms of amount of dentin removed, straightening, transportation and centering ratio) by using image analysis software. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA tests. Results: All the systems maintained canal curvature well. Varitaper and RaCe had better centering ratio and least transportation compared to ProTaper (P<0.05) in the apical section. Protaper had higher values of dentin removal (P<0.05) at all levels compared to other file systems. Conclusions: ProTaper removed dentin more, RaCe and Varitaper had better centering and least transportation at all levels,While canals shaped with ProTaper had transportation and less centering ratio at apical level
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