This study proved that low-level laser therapy can be an effective alternative for conventional use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in controlling postendodontic pain thereby eliminating the adverse effects of such drugs on the patients.

Infectious dermatoses were found statistically significantly more in community cases as compared to hospital patients while the opposite was the case with non-infectious dermatoses. The study emphasizes the need for providing frequent dermatology services to the community at the primary healthcare level so that the burden of dermatoses, especially infectious, may be reduced. Also, wider studies should be conducted in different regions in order to assess the actual magnitude of dermatological illnesses in the community.

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Aim:To evaluate the effect of diode laser and ultrasonics with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the smear layer removal from root canals.Materials and Methods:A total of 120 mandibular premolars were decoronated to working the length of 12 mm and prepared with protaper rotary files up to size F3. Group A canals irrigated with 1 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Group B canals irrigated with 1 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Group C canals lased with a diode laser. Group D canals were initially irrigated with 0.8 ml of 17% EDTA the remaining 0.2 ml was used to fill the root canals, and diode laser application was done. Group E canals were irrigated with 1 ml distilled water with passive ultrasonic activation, followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Group F canals were irrigated with 1 ml EDTA with passive ultrasonic activation, followed by 3 ml of 3% NaOCl. Scanning electron microscope examination of canals was done for remaining smear layer at coronal middle and apical third levels.Results:Ultrasonics with EDTA had the least smear layer scores.Conclusion:Diode laser alone performed significantly better than ultrasonics.

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In modern endodontics ultrasonics plays an important role for the success of endodontic therapy. Ultrasound is sound energy having frequency in the range of more than 20000 Hz. Ultrasonics has recently been used in endodontics for various steps like, modifying root canal access like removal of pulp stones and canal calcifications, activation of irrigating solutions in root canals, ultrasonic removal of posts during retreatment, removal of broken instruments and obstructions from canals, application of sealers to canal walls; condensation of gutta-percha during canal obturation, root end preparation during periapical surgery.

Introduction: Canal preparation and shaping is one of the major steps in root canal treatment. Study aimed to compare and evaluate the shaping ability of three different rotary Ni-Ti endodontic file systems in root canals of extracted molar teeth. Material and methods: A total of 60 extracted human mandibular first molar teeth with curvature ranging between 15-30 0 were used in this study. Specimens were embedded in a modified muffle system and sectioned horizontally at three levels before preparation anitind were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Root canal preparation was performed with ProTaper, RaCe and Varitaper Ni-Ti instruments. Cross section images were taken both before and after instrumentation under a stereomicroscope connected to charged couple device (CCD) camera at a fixed position and magnification. Pre and post radiographs and images obtained were analyzed to evaluate the shaping ability (in terms of amount of dentin removed, straightening, transportation and centering ratio) by using image analysis software. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA tests. Results: All the systems maintained canal curvature well. Varitaper and RaCe had better centering ratio and least transportation compared to ProTaper (P<0.05) in the apical section. Protaper had higher values of dentin removal (P<0.05) at all levels compared to other file systems. Conclusions: ProTaper removed dentin more, RaCe and Varitaper had better centering and least transportation at all levels,While canals shaped with ProTaper had transportation and less centering ratio at apical level

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