B o i s e t f o r ê t s d e s t r o p i q u e s , 2 0 1 6 , n° 3 2 7 ( PROPAGATION VÉGÉTATIVE DE VITEX DONIANA SWEET À PARTIR DE SECTIONS DE RACINEVitex doniana Sweet est une espèce à usages multiples d'une grande importance socio-économique et commune en Afrique tropicale. Malgré sa forte utilisation en milieu rural, elle est encore présente à l'état sauvage. Il existe peu de données sur sa domestication. La propagation de cet arbre par bouturage de segments de racine constitue une alternative à sa difficile régénéra-tion sexuée. L'objectif de notre travail était d'évaluer deux des facteurs clés (substrat d'enracinement, diamètre des boutures) qui influencent l'aptitude des boutures de segments de racine (BSR) à néoformer des pousses feuillées et des racines. Le système racinaire de 23 arbres a été partiellement excavé sur une profondeur de 20 cm. Des BSR de 15 cm de long ont été disposées horizontalement dans des polypropagateurs sur cinq substrats différents, arrosés matin et soir. Le dispositif était un split-plot à trois ré-pétitions. Le traitement principal recouvrait cinq substrats : terre noire (Tn), sable fin (S), sciure de bois (Sc), 50 % Tn/50 % Sc (TnSc) et 50 % Tn/50 % S (Tn-S). Le traitement secondaire distinguait deux classes de diamètre (0,5-1cm ; 1,1-2,5 cm). Après la mise en culture des BSR, le temps de latence d'émer-gence était de 8 semaines pour les pousses aériennes et 12 pour les racines. Après 28 semaines, le pourcentage de pousses feuillées formées variait de 28 % (Tn) à 55 % (S). Les pousses aériennes se sont développées majoritairement (82 %) sur le pôle distal. Le diamètre des BSR a déterminé le déve-loppement des pousses feuillées (P < 0,01). Le taux de bourgeonnement des BSR oscillait entre 21,0 ± 1,8 % pour les BSR de 0,5-1 cm et 86,0 ± 7,8 % pour la classe 1,1-2,5 cm. Le diamètre a également impacté l'enracinement des BSR (P < 0,001). Le taux d'enracinement des BSR variait de 12,0 ± 2,3 % pour les petits diamètres à 59,3 ± 4,7 % pour les plus gros. La multiplication végétative par BSR peut améliorer la filière économique de V. doniana dans les hautes savanes guinéennes du Cameroun. Mots-clés :Vitex doniana, multiplication végétative, domestication, aptitude à l'enracinement, bouturage de segments de racine, Cameroun. ABSTrACT VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION Of VITEX DONIANA SWEET fROM ROOT SEGMENT CuTTINGSVitex doniana Sweet is a common multipurpose species in tropical Africa, which has considerable socio-economic importance. Unfortunately, it is extracted from the wild and there has been little or no focused effort to domesticate and cultivate the species. Mastering its propagation through root segment cuttings (RSC) is a real alternative to the difficult process of regeneration from seeds. The aim of our study was to assess two of the key factors (rooting medium and root diameter) that influence its rooting ability. The root system of 23 trees was partially excavated to a depth of 20 cm. Root segment cuttings 15 cm in length were carefully cut and arranged horizontally in a polypropagato...

Objective: Studies were conducted to characterize the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from the locality of MayoRey in the North Region of Cameroon for their subsequent domestication.Methodology and Results: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 200 people drawn from four ethnic groups (Laka, Lamé, Peulh and Toupouri). This study has identified 107 plant species including 54 species food (vegetables, fruits and traditional drinks). The species Dioscorea bulbifera, Burnatia sp., Parkia biglobosa, Detarium microcarpum, Adansonia digitata, Vitellaria paradoxa, Ziziphus mauritiana, Ximenia americana and Vitex doniana were identified as major species of this town, due to their socio-economic importance. Plant parts used in the diet are descending fruits (53.70%), seeds (25.92%), leaves (22.22%), tubers (16.66%), the flowers (3.70%) and other (3.7%).Analyses on food uses indicates that 40 respondents use them as recipes involve fruits and 11 use them to prepare sauce. Three (3) species are commonly used for the preparation of pap, 8 species for the preparation of cuscus and 3 species for the preparation drink. Conclusion and application of results: The exploitation of these species remains traditional, sometimes leading to overexploitation of the resource and therefore a loss of biodiversity. For sustainable management of these resources, domestication of preferred species could be considered.

COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related corona-virus SARS-CoV-2, that constitutes a pandemic threat to global public health. Unfortunately, there are no specific available therapies. This research work presents the findings of an investigation on traditional Cameroonian remedies of respiratory tract infections, malaria and viral infections, and also recipes that could serve as a baseline for the prevention, alleviate symptoms, treatment and perhaps may help for the anti-COVID-19 drugs discovery. Data on the medicinal plants were collected from traditional healers, Cameroonian medicinal plants books, the internet, and in addition to our personal experience as researchers and herbalists. Details of 85 plant species used to manage these three mentioned diseases in Cameroon and their pharmacological properties are recorded. Due to their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities, twenty-eight (28) plant species and 13 recipes are suggested for COVID-19 prevention, alleviate symptoms, treatment and baseline for anti-COVID-19 drug discovery. Amongst the proposed plants we have the following, Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Ocimum gratissimum which were reported to possess certain inhibition properties against COVID-19 protease.

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Background:The reciprocity in the exchanges between the local populations who hold the authentic traditional knowledge that they share with the conservation biologists was not sufficiently taken into account. For fairness and justice in these exchanges, the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing was established. However, there is a lack of information on access and benefit sharing in unfunded ethnobotanical studies in Africa (MS and PhD research). Traditional knowledge on Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. a multipurpose Fabaceae, unfortunately threatened with extinction, exists in Adamawa, Cameroon. Thus, in relation to a Master Research thesis without funding, a study was dedicated to this plant.Methods: Ethnobotanical methods have made it possible to test the following hypothesis: for an equal number of men and women, the points attributed according to gender to the categories of reciprocity experienced during an ethnobotanical study without funding are equal. Thirty available informed consent volunteers (15 men and 15 women) with knowledge on this plant participated in this study.

B. costatum is a local species of great socio-economique importance whose flowers are consummed and commercialized in local and regional market. Despite its economical and social value in local communities, it is still in the wild stand in the Guinean Savannah Highlands of Cameroon. The objective of the study is to contribute to its domestication by root segments cuttings. Root system of the mother trees was carefully excavated and the root samples (0.5−1kg) for the carbohydrate analysis were collected monthly throughout the year. In addition, a total of 180 root segments cuttings (RSC) were collected from 20 parent trees of different diameters at breast height (dbh) (15-30 cm; 30.1-45 cm and > 45 cm) in «Gamba» and «Karna manga». The experimental design explorated was a split-plot with 03 replicates. The trial was conducted in a non mist polypropagator. The results reveal that among the carbohydrates evaluated, fructose decreased from the dry to the rainy seasons while soluble and total sugars move in inverse order. The first buds appear 08 weeks after planting. At the end of the essay, the highest budding rate (81.11±19.65%) was obtained in root segments cuttings from Karna manga against 68.33±34.88% in RSC from mother trees of dbh 30.1-45 cm. Regarding the origin of root segments cuttings by dbh of parent trees interaction, the budding rate varied significantly from 36.66±5.77% in RSC from mother trees of dbh 15.1-30 cm originated from Gamba to 100±0% in those from parent trees of the same dbh in Karna manga (0.0046 < 0.01). The average height of leafy shoots varied from 8.28±5.23 cm in RSC from Gamba to 11.91±7.35 cm in those from Karna manga. The rooting rate fluctuated from 3.33±2.53% in root segments cuttings from mother trees of dbh 30.1-45 cm and dbh > 45 cm originated respectively from Gamba and Karna manga to 50±26.45% in those from parent trees of dbh 15-30 cm from Karna manga. These results will help to elaborate appropriate domestication and conservation strategies of the species.

The knowledge on the floristic diversity of Perseaamericana agrosystem and their contribution to carbon stock was evaluated in the Sudano-Guinea zone of Adamawa Cameroon. Three sites of different ages were identified according to the age of plantation. The savannah zone was chosen as the witness treatment. Sampling was done along five transects of 20 x 100m2 installed in each site giving a total of 20 transects. An inventory of shrubs with dbh ≥ 5 cm was carried out. The average estimates aboveground and belowground carbon stock in shrub biomass was calculated using the algometric equation. A total of 3296 individuals from 30 families, 53 genusand 61 species were counted. Comparative analysis was carried out to show that abundance, Shannon index and land area were significantly different in the different plots. Contrarily, Piélou equitability and ecology importance index do not vary much between pear trees and savannah. The total carbon stocks were estimated at 4.57t/ha (savannah) to 18.76 t/ha (others sites). Carbon sequestration ecological service value in the agrosystemswas estimated to be more than 7126.6 dollars/ha with a liberation potential of about 712.66±2.11 tCO2/ha. These data show the capacity of the agrosystem of Perseaamericana to sequestrate more carbon compared to savannah vegetation that is subjected to constant disturbance by anthropic activities. Ecological services related to carbon can be an opportunity for financial benefits if the credits from the development of mechanism improves incomes of rural populations who contribute in the management and the conservation of the ecosystem.

L’étude avait pour but de documenter les connaissances des populations locales sur l’intérêt socioéconomique et médicinales de Haematostaphis barteri dans les localités de Bidzar, Figuil, Boula-ibbi and Lagam, au Nord-Cameroun. Elle s’est déroulée entre septembre et novembre 2018 et a impliqué 93 personnes de trois groupes ethniques (Guidar, Peulh et Guiziga) et choisies de façon aléatoire. Constitués d’hommes, de femmes, de jeunes, des personnes âgées et des tradithérapeutes. La collecte des données a été faite par des entrevues semi-structurées. Ces entretiens ont été conduits en langues française et locale, avec recours parfois à un interprète. Des paramètres ethnobotaniques comme la valeur d’usage et consensuelle, le taux de réponse, l’indice culturel d’importance, le niveau de fidélité et le degré de consensus sur la médication ont été utilisés pour évaluer l’importance de H. barteri dans les localités étudiées. Les résultats obtenus révèlent sur le plan ethnique et genre, une forte participation des Guidars et une dominance du genre masculin. Ces enquêtés pour la plupart étaient analphabètes et exerçaient comme activité principale l’agriculture (68,82%) soutenue par un système d’entraide appelé « Sourgha ». Le nom local de H. barteri variait d’une ethnie à l’autre et était, soit une combinaison de la saveur des fruits et de sa disposition sur l’arbre, ou alors un assemblage couleur et nombre de fruits par grappe. Cette espèce est employée dans quatre (04) domaines d’utilisations, avec un large consentement pour les usages alimentaires (VUE = 4) et médicinaux (VUE = 3). Le faible consentement (VUE = 1,33) est enregistré pour son utilisation sous forme de bois d’énergie. Les fruits sont majoritairement utilisés dans l’alimentation (37%) et sa vente procure aux ménages des moyens de subsistance ; alors dans la catégorie médicinale, ce sont les racines, les écorces et les feuilles sous forme de décoction qui sont sollicitées pour traiter dix (10) affections ; dont l’anémie, la fièvre, le mal de ventre, la typhoïde, le mal d’estomac et le paludisme comme maladies les plus traitées. Pour booster l’effet du phytomédicament, H. barteri est parfois associée à Tamarindus indica, Acacia nilotica et au miel. Aucune mesure de gestion durable et rationnelle de l’espèce n’a été déclarée par nos enquêtés, toutefois, ils disent avoir mis en place des stratégies comme la multiplication des champs et la diversification de cultures et l’abandon des terres pauvres au profit de nouvelles terres fertiles, pour faire face aux impacts négatifs des changements globaux. Les multiples utilisations et très variées, associées à l’absence de mesures adéquates de gestion soutenable et aux effets du changement climatique affectent les individus de cette espèce dans les localités investiguées ; ainsi des mesures de préservations s’imposent.   The aim of the study was to document the socio-economic and medicinal use of Haematostaphis barteri by local populations of Bidzar, Figuil, Boula-ibbi and Lagam, in North Cameroon. A total of 93 respondents in three groups (Guidar, Peulh and Guiziga) in North Cameroon were randomly selected to participe in the survey. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected men, women, young, elderly and traditional healers between september and november 2018. These interviews were conducted in french and local languages, sometimes with the need of an interpreter. Ethnobotanical parameters such as use value, consensus value, response rate, cultural importance index, fidelity level and medication consensus level were used to evaluate the importance of H. barteri in the investigated localities. made and served as analyzing basis. On the ethnic and gender level, the result showed a strong participation of Guidars group and male gender. Most of the respondents were illiterate and their main activity was agriculture (68,82%) which is supported by mutual aid system called “Sourgha”. H. barteri local name varied from on group to another and was either a combination of the flavor of the fruit and its arrangement on the tree, or else a combination of color and number of fruits per cluster. This specie is used in four (04) categories (food, medicinal, economic and fuelwood), with broad consent for food (EUV = 4) and medicinal (EUV = 3) uses. Low consent (EUV = 1,33) was recorded for fuelwood use. Fruits were the most frequently used part in food category (37%) and its commercialization provides means of subsistence to many households. In medicinal category, roots, barks and leaves were used in form of decoction to treat ten (10) diseases, with anemia, fever, stomach ache, typhoid, stomach ache and malaria as the most treated diseases. To boost the effect of herbal medicine did by H. barteri parts, respondents sometimes added honey and some parts of Tamarindus indica and Acacia nilotica. No measure of sustainable and rational management of the species has been declared by our respondents, however, they say they have put in place strategies such as the multiplication of fields, diversification of crops and abandonment of poor land in favor of new fertile lands, in order to cope with the negative impacts of global changes. Multiple uses, associated with the absence of adequate measures of sustainable management and the effects of climate change affect individuals of this species in the investigated localities, therefore, preservation measures are needed.