In this work, physical and chemical analyses of 28 sawdust samples (tropical woods, pine woods, and oak woods) derived from the primary process of wood transformation and 4 samples of citrus residues were performed, as an option to make densified biofuels. The study included the determination of initial moisture, particle size distribution, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calculation of the calorific value, and ash microanalysis. The initial moisture content of the biomass samples ranged from 6.04 to 75.21%. The biomass granulometry results indicate that the highest proportion corresponds to the 1.0-mm (33.10%) (Fraction retained in mesh 0.5 mm). Other results obtained indicate the following ranges: ash content (0.27 to 6.27%), volatile matter (78.90 to 90.50%), fixed carbon (9.10 to 20.44%), carbon (49.13 to 50.78%), oxygen (42.62 to 44.49%), and hydrogen (5.24 to 6.55%). The calculated calorific value ranged from 17.65 MJ/kg to 20.72 MJ/kg. The chemical elements with the highest concentration in the biomass samples were K and Ca, followed in some cases by Al and P. The biomass with the greatest possibilities for making densified biofuels of better quality is the group of pine woods because they have low mineral content, low nitrogen content, and high calorific value.
Sustainable forest management needs tools that can predict how silvicultural treatments will affect cutting stands. Growth and yield systems are an example of these tools because they can represent periods of growth and yield of a stand in numerical terms. The aim of this research was to develop a dynamic growth and yield timber system with the stand-level models approach for Pinus patula in even-aged forests of Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The data was obtained from two consecutive remeasurements of 66 permanent 400 m 2 plots. With this information, prediction and projection equations in the algebraic difference approach for mean diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area and total volume per hectare were fitted through the seemingly unrelated regression technique. Mortality was fitted by the non-linear least squares method. A model of dominant height and site index (Levakovic II) with polymorphism was related to basal area, DBH, total volume ha −1 and mortality equations. The growth system generated an average optimal age rotation of 32 years when the current annual increment (CAI) was the same as the mean annual increment (MAI) for the mean site index and a density of 1500 trees ha −1 at five years. The growth and yield system developed is an important tool for planning forest management of even-aged P. patula forests.
La estimación de la biomasa arbórea es un medio para determinar los montos existentes de carbono orgánico en cada uno de los componentes del árbol. Los estudios sobre biomasa aérea para especies del género Quercus son escasos en México, aun cuando el país es considerado un centro de distribución. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue generar ecuaciones alométricas para estimar la biomasa aérea de árboles de Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. y Q. crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl., en un bosque de la comunidad de Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, México. Se muestrearon 16 árboles por cada especie, distribuidos en seis categorías diamétricas y se determinó la biomasa en fuste con corteza, ramas y follaje. Se evaluaron diferentes modelos de regresión con base en la bondad de ajuste y validez de sus indicadores estadísticos. Se eligió la ecuación exponencial de la forma ***, para calcular la biomasa (kg) en función al diámetro normal (DN, cm) y altura total (AT, m) de los árboles. La biomasa aérea total se estimó en 100,15 Mg ha-1 para Q. laurina y 129,97 Mg ha-1 para Q. crassifolia. La distribución proporcional de biomasa por compartimento de Q. laurina fue 82,9%; 14,9% y 2,2% para fustes, ramas y follaje, respectivamente, mientras que para Q. crassifolia la distribución fue 82,3%; 16,0% y 1,7%; en el mismo orden.
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