Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by enzymatic deficiencies in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids. The most common 21-hydroxylase deficiency is characterized by a cortisol deficiency and an excess of androgens, with or without aldosterone deficiency. In our countries, in the absence of neonatal screening, the diagnosis is most often late leading to life-threatening complications. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic features of CAH at the Albert Royer National Children's Hospital (ARNCH) in Dakar. Patients and method: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study carried out at the pediatric endocrinology department of ARNCH from 2015 to 2019. All children aged under 15 with a form of CAH were included. Socio-demographic data, family history, clinical and biochemical data at presentation were collected. Patients were noted as presenting with Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD) with dehydration, DSD without dehydration, dehydration without DSD, precocious puberty. The Prader's scale was used to determine the degree of external virilization. These data were entered and analyzed with Epi Info version 7.2. Results: A total of 32 patients were included, representing 74.41% of the causes of disorder of sexual development (DSD) and 84.21% of the causes of adrenal insufficiency. These were 27 girls (84.37%) and 5 boys (15.63%). The mean age was 19 ± 34.6 months. DSD was the main finding (87.5%). It was associated with dehydration in 22 cases (68.75%).

Introduction: Child malnutrition is a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. The latest report from Senegal's Continuous Demographic and Health Survey revealed that 18% of children in Senegal were stunted (chronic malnutrition), 8% were wasted (acute malnutrition) and 14% were underweight. Thus, this study aimed to assess the characteristics associated with malnutrition in children according to their nutritional status. Methods: This descriptive transverse study was conducted at the Pediatric Social Institute of Pikine/Guediawaye and the National Hospital Center of Pikine, in Senegal between October and December 2019. A total of 94 children were recruited, with the consent of their legal tutors. Descriptive and multivariate analyses of the factors associated with malnutrition were performed. The z-scores for the indices of nutrition were determined with WHO Anthro® software version 3.2.2. All the data analyses were performed using R software version 4.2.2. Result: From the 94 children recruited, 51.06% were female, with a sex ratio (male/female) of 0.96. Acute malnutrition was recorded in 62.77% of cases, chronic malnutrition in 41.49%, and underweight in 71.27%. Linear regression analysis showed that many factors, such as the female gender [OR = 1.82 CI (1.02 -3.3), P-value = 0.04], consanguinity [OR = 2.84 CI (1.14 -7.65), P-value = 0.03], low birth weight [OR = 4.83 CI (2.15 -12.89), P-value = 0.0004], were associated with acute malnutrition. Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) [OR = 10.66 CI (3.82 -44.39) P-value < 0.0001], non-exclusive breastfeeding [OR = 3 CI (1.40 -7.13)] P-value = 0.007], dietary diversification before six months [OR = 2.04 CI (1.23 -3.51), P-value = 0.007] and others factors were associated with underweight. The most frequently recorded clinical signs are weight loss (30.85%), fever (23.40%), diarrhea (34.04%), and anemia (70.

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