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Subsaharan Africa, as in Senegal, breast cancer is the second after that of cervical in women. However, although most of the studies on breast pathology for cancer, the overwhelming majority of breast lesions, palpable or not are benign and some of them can become cancerous. So this research is done to understand the impact of diversity and genetic evolution of the D-loop in benign breast lesions in senegalese women. The variability of the D-loop was investigated by PCR-sequencing, in twenty eight patients with benign breast tumor. The results revealed a significant presence of specific variants for breast benign tissue, as well as control tissues. The C150T mutation was associated with protection to the presence of benign breast tumors and G247A mutation implicated in an increased risk. Patients of mitochondrial haplogroup L would be significantly more susceptible to these benign breast lesions. And the study of the genetic evolution of breast benign tumors revealed that the D-Loop is not under selection. Finally, a significant correlation was associated with haplotypes C309CC and witnessed the D310, which respectively constitute increased risk groups and susceptible to the contraction of benign breast lesions. All these results allowed to have a global view on the influence of pathogenic mutations on diversity and genetic evolution of the D-Loop observed in senegalese patients with benign breast tumor.

Influenza virus types A and B are responsible for acute viral infections that affect annually 1 billion people, with 290,000 to 650,000 deaths worldwide. In this study, we investigated the circulation of influenza B viruses over a 10-year period (2010–2019). Specimens from patients suspected of influenza infection were collected. Influenza detection was performed following RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR. Genes coding for hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza B viruses were partially sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out subsequently. During the study period, we received and tested a total of 15,156 specimens. Influenza B virus was detected in 1322 (8.7%) specimens. The mean age of influenza B positive patients was 10.9 years. When compared to reference viruses, HA genes from Senegalese circulating viruses showed deletions in the HA1 region. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted the co-circulation of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineage viruses with reassortant viruses. We also noted a clear seasonal pattern of circulation of influenza B viruses in Senegal.