Economic globalization has a great influence on the legal system because globalization demands the globalization of law. The globalization of the law is not only based on international agreements between nations, but also an understanding of the legal and cultural traditions between west and east. However, the role of law in economic development and natural resource management in globalization and modernization is still being debated. The results of the discussion explained that: first, the effect of globalization caused the sovereignty of the state to be neglected, the strength of the state weakened along with the submission of the state to international institutions, such as the WTO with its free-market agenda, forcing the state not to protect the basic rights of citizens towards natural resources and the environment; secondly, efforts that can be made in the context of developing of national legal system, namely the regulation of economic law, must pay attention to the legal interests of various related sectors in a balanced method; Third, the concept of the Indonesian legal system that should be developed at this time is the concept of legal development based on the substantial value of the Pancasila and the Indonesian Constitution of 1945, namely a legal system that emphasizes the principle of community or family, which places more emphasis on the rule of moral than the rule of law only.
The purpose of this study is to find out why forest management through the development policy of the Forest Management Unit (FMU) in Indonesia is needed and what are challenges of developing a Forest Management Unit in Indonesia. This study is normative legal research with primary and secondary legal materials. The results showed that the development policy of the Forest Management Unit (FMU) is needed for the benefit of the community in optimizing the management and utilization of potential funding for climate management of the regional forestry sector either at the provincial, district/city level or management unit level as well. While challenges in developing Forest Management Unit (FMU) in Indonesia including limited human resources (HR), not enough support by local governments, disharmony relationships, social conflicts, and economic interests.
Negara Indonesia dianugerahi oleh Yang Maha Esa dengan kekayaan dan keanekaragaman budaya. Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan. Dengan jumlah pulau lebih dari ribuan ini dihuni oleh masyarakat yang memiliki suku, ras, agama, dan etnis yang berbeda-beda. Hal inilah yang membuat Indonesia memiliki keberagaman kebudayaan. Masyarakata Indonesia harus mampu hidup berdambingan antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Anugerah yang diberikan ini seharusnya disyukuri karena dapat menjadi satu kekuatan dan kebanggaan bagi Indonesia. Namun, keberagaman tersebut juga dapat menjadi ancaman, tantangan, dan gangguan bagi bangsa Indonesia. Melalui studi literatur kita dapat mengetahui bagaimana sila Pancasila yakni sila ketiga menjadi dasar pemersatu dalam keberagaman budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif yakni studi literatur pengumpulan informasi dengan mengkaji sumber-sumber yang terkait dengan Pancasila dan keberagaman kebudayaan Indonesia. Dari hasil studi literatur dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai-nilai sila Persatuan Indoensia dalam keberagaman budaya Indonesia yakni menumbuhkan sikap nasionalisme, menumbuhkan sikap toleransi, saling menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan, serta membina persatuan dan kesatuan dalam keberagaman.
In its development, the management of oil and gas in Indonesia has undergone several policy developments. The enactment of Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas has become a new chapter in the regulation of oil and gas in Indonesia. This law wants to emphasize that national development must be directed to the realization of people's welfare by carrying out reforms in all fields of national and state life. This article finds that the law has affirmed the objectives of natural gas management to increase state income, create jobs, improve the welfare and prosperity of the people in a just and equitable manner, and maintain the environmental sustainability. However, gas management must be carried out carefully and should be free from liberalization schemes that can bring about social injustice and failure to achieve people's welfare. The Constitutional Court's decision, which has annulled the articles in the law, is imperative to do the legal reconstruction by ensuring laws that create happiness for the people.Keywords: Oil; Natural Gas; Equal Energy; Management Policy.
As a rule of law, Indonesia is required to provide legal protection to all its citizens, including employers and workers. Legal protection for workers to ensure the basic rights of workers to create workers' welfare, including termination of employment. However, in practice, there are still cases of rights in terms of termination of employment. This journal will describe clearly the equality and guarantee of legal protection for workers' rights in cases of termination of employment in Indonesia and Singapore so that we can benefit from the legal protection offered by Singapore. This research is a juridical normative legal research using the comparative law method. Therefore, the data source used is a secondary data source collected by literature study techniques. After the data is collected, the data is processed and analyzed using descriptive qualitative analytic methods, meaning that the data is grouped according to the aspects studied and then drawn from the conclusions and described descriptively. Based on the research results, it is found that the legal protection of the rights of daily workers in Indonesia and Singapore has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Environment is an essential element of life. The domain offers a variety of advantages and functions for humans to carry out activities and reside there. This is normative legal research using secondary sources. According to the study's findings, environmental law enforcement can be conducted both punitively and preventatively, depending on its effectiveness and nature. The lack of coordination between sectors (government officials), the absence of a monitoring plan, and the lack of environmental supervisors are obstacles to ecological monitoring.
Kerusakan lingkungan memberikan dampak yang sangat merugikan bagi masyarakat, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian baik kerugian ekonomi maupun kerugian dalam bentuk Kesehatan bahkan kematian. Sehingga diperlukan kajian mengenai penerapan asas ultimum remedium dalam penegakan hukum di bidang lingkungan. Metode Penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative, dengan mempelajari Undang – Undang No 32 Tahun 2009 tentang PPLH. Hasil dari pembahasan ini bahwa penerapan asas ultimum remidium dalam penegakan hukum di bidang lingkungan merupakan upaya alternatif dan/atau upaya terakhir. Asas ultimum remidium ini juga hanya berlaku bagi pelanggaran tertentu saja.
<p><em>This study aims to explain and analyze constitutional oil and gas governance in the context of creating the welfare of the Indonesian people. This research is a normative study, using secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study found that the constitutionality of Indonesian oil and gas management is regulated and contained in the oil and gas laws and regulations which give Pertamina a dual function as operator and regulator, while the policy function is carried out by the government. This management violates the constitution and the principle of state control or state sovereignty over oil and gas as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution which is then spelled out in statutory regulations in the oil and gas sector. Another finding is that the management of oil and gas in Indonesia is still unable to have a positive impact on the Indonesian people and is detrimental to state finances. The current management is very dominated by foreign parties because the Indonesian oil and gas sector is controlled by foreign companies up to 89 percent or the potential for state financial losses due to the imposition of "cost recovery" in the oil and gas sector that is not exactly Rp 345,996 trillion rupiah per year or 1.7 billion per day.</em></p>
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