This study investigated the possible antidiabetic role and therapeutic crucial action of the saponin fractions of the ethanolic extract of areal parts of the medicinal plant Anabasis articulata compared to currently available antidiabetic drug gliclazide (diamicron) against diabetic complications induced tissue injury in rats. Fractionation of hydro alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Anabasis articulata (Chenopodiaceae) led to the isolation of Four known saponins: 3-O-glucopyranosyl of(stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol, sitostanol), 3-O-[ß-D-the glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid , 3-O-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-ß-D-xylopyranosyl] oleanolic acid, in addition to proceric acid. The isolated compounds were identified by means of chemical methods and spectrometric analysis as Rf values, UV Mass, 1H NMR and 13CNMR spectroscopy. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group1, control rats (not received any medication). Group 2, rats injected intraperitoneally with single dose of streptozotocin (STZ)(40 mg/kg body weight). Group 3, rats orally administered with ethanolic extract of A. articulata (400 mg/ kg B.W.) after STZ injection. Group 4, rats orally administered with gliclazide (10 mg/kg B.W.) after STZ injection. Oral administration of the plant modulated the diabetic increase in blood glucose and cortisol levels revealing the antihyperglycemic effect of this medicinal plant. It effectively increases the blood hormone insulin concentration and αfetoprotein. It is also significantly decrease blood tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The current plant also effectively decreased blood fructosamine to their normal levels as well as the consequence diabetic decrease in the hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin levels. Furthermore, ingestion of the plant effectively modulated hepatic oxidative tissue damage. Supplementation of diabetic animals with gliclazide improved diabetic induced alteration in most of the above studied markers. These results suggest that Anabasis articulata has multi-beneficial actions in controlling diabetes and consequence complications induced in pancreas and liver and may candidate as natural antidiabetic drug.
Novel 2-thiazolylphthalazine derivatives were efficiently synthesized under ultrasound irradiation, resulting in high yields and short reaction times after optimization of the reaction conditions. All prepared compounds were fully characterized using spectroscopic methods. They were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as for antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity profile of the tested compounds showed some promising results. The potent activity of compounds 4d, 7b (117% zone inhibition) and 7c (105% zone inhibition) against Salmonella sp., exceeding that of the reference drug Gentamycin is particularly noteworthy. In general, the newly synthesized thiazolylphthalazine derivatives showed higher antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
The objective of this study is to investigate the chemical constituents of Suaeda monoica and Suaeda pruinosa and evaluate their effects on rat liver intoxicated by over dose of paracetamol. Qualitative analysis of (80%) methanol in water fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, quinones, saponins, flavonoids and phenols from two mangrove species of S. monoica and S. pruinosa was carried out. The compounds were identified from the 80% methanol-H2O fraction as Rutin, quercetin, Syringic acid, Coffeic acid, Catechin, Coumaric acid, Vanillin, Gallic acid, Cinnamic acid. Amino acids analysis for the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Suaeda monoica and Suaeda pruinosa showed the presence of thirteen amino acids and absence of valine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine. Fatty acid analysis of lipids showed high percentage of long chain fatty acids.TLC of the lipoidal matter for each plant showed the presence β-amyrin, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Toxicity was stimulated by administration of a single oral dose of paracetamol (3 g/kg body weight). The extract of the aerial parts of plants (100 mg/kg) was utilized on a pre-and post-treatment basis. Both extracts significantly improved liver and kidney function with prophylactic or therapeutic treatments. Histopathological and histochemical studies showed parallel effects with the biochemical measured parameters.
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