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Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an early mobility protocol for stroke patients in the intensive care unit. Methods: Participants were patients with first or recurrent stroke)n=60, age=49.02±6.36 years, body mass index=32.95±5.67 kg/m 2 (admitted to the intensive care stroke unit in general hospitals, Riyadh during October and December 2016. Single group pretest-posttest design involving an early mobility protocol was started within first 24 hours admission. Pre and post measurements of muscle strength, pulmonary function and quality of life were carried out. Original Articles Results: There were significant improvements in muscle strength of upper and lower extremities´ muscles after treatment)p<0.05(, pulmonary functions including Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume 1)p<0.05(and quality of life, namely, Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale)p<0.01(. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that initiating an early mobility protocol is safe and effective for intensive care unit stroke patients and supports introducing the current protocol as a standard protocol in neurogenic Intensive Care Units.

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumoniais considered a severe health care-associated infection that results in severe morbidity and increase mortality rate. Moreover, it also lengthens hospital staying and increase hospital expenses. The study aims to evaluate the effect of care bundle strategies on nurses' performance regarding prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia at neonatal intensive care Units. Design: Quasi-experimental, pre-and post-intervention study. Subjects: All nurses(65) in neonatal intensive care units at 10 th of Ramadan Charity Hospital and Aga Central Hospital. Tools: Two tools were used; 1 st tool; sociodemographic data and predesigned questionnaire for nurses' knowledge and 2 nd tool; observational checklist to assess nurses' performance regarding ventilator-associated pneumonia. Results: shows a significant improvement of nurses' knowledge regarding ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle immediately after and at follow up in relation to neonates' positioning, oral care and ventilator care measures and the majority of them had a competent level of performance regarding observed ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle before, immediately after and three months after program application. Conclusion:The application of care bundle strategies for the nurses had improved their level of knowledge and performance regarding prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with highly significant difference between mean score of total nurses' knowledge and performance.Recommendations: Continuous up to date guided protocols should focus on enhancing nurses' performance regarding ventilator-associated pneumonia care bundle.

Background: Children who undergo surgical operations may experience preoperative anxiety and they needed to both physical and psychological preparation. The aim: the study aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality application on preoperative anxiety levels among children undergoing surgery. Subject and Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to achieve the study's aim. Setting: The study was applied in the General Pediatric Surgical Unit at Sohag University Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 100 children aged from 4-8 years was included, randomly assigned equally into a study and control group (The study group involved 50 children, who used virtual reality technology and 50 children in the control group using routine care only. Two tools were used to collect data: (I) Interview Structured Questionnaire developed by the researchers and (II) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results: The study result showed that preoperative anxiety scores were lower among children after the virtual reality application than among children in the control group. There were highly statistically significant differences detected between the total mean score of anxiety scores in the pretest and posttest before surgery (P=0.000).

Background: Children in intensive care units must get enough sleep to maintain their physical and mental health. Benson’s Muscle Relaxation Technique is an effective complementary and non-pharmacological technique used to improve sleep patterns. Aim:  To evaluate the effect of Benson relaxation therapy on sleep quality among children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Subjects and Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental design was used to achieve this study. Setting: The study was conducted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit affiliated to Sohag University Hospital.  Subject: Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 60 children who were randomly assigned into two groups, 30 for each (the study and control groups). Two tools were used: (I) a structured interview questionnaire and (II) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale. Results: The present study findings demonstrated that There were significant differences and improvements regarding sleep quality mean scores between the two groups post-implementation of Benson relaxation therapy at (P<0.05). Conclusion: Benson's relaxation therapy implementation was an effective and safe intervention used to improve sleep quality among children in the pediatric intensive care unit. Recommendations:Benson relaxation therapy is recommended alongside treatment for children in the pediatric intensive care unit to improve their sleep quality.

Congenital heart disease is a stressful and anxiety overwhelming experience for parents and their children, therefore nurses are pivotal in providing a comprehensive and evidence based strategies to reduce anxiety among parents and enhance their children' wellbeing. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching sessions on anxiety level among mothers' caring children with congenital heart disease. Study design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in paediatric cardiology department at Mansoura University Children's Hospital affiliated to Mansoura University. Sample: Purposive sample of forty mothers caring children from 3 months to 18 years with congenital heart disease. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used; first by Interview Questionnaire to gather data about characteristic of the study subjects, mothers' knowledge regarding congenital heart disease. Second; Mothers' reported practice sheet was designed by the researchers to assess mothers' reported practice regarding congenital heart disease. Third: Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale was used to assess the anxiety level of the studied mothers. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference between the studied mothers' total knowledge and reported practice with positive correlation regarding congenital heart disease at pre and post teaching sessions. Also, there was highly significant negative correlation among mothers' knowledge, practice and anxiety level. Recommendations: The study recommended establishing programs, as mothers' support groups, to assist them overcome the adverse psychological effects of congenital heart disease.

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Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency and universal hazard. Governments have ordered all people to spend all their time at home and imposed school closures as an emergency measure. In such situations, physical and mental health problems are significant concerns. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate leisure time, physical activity, and psychological well-being among adolescents during COVID-19. Study design: A cross-sectional research design. Setting: The study was conducted in Dakahalia Governorate, Egypt. Sample: The study involved a convenience sample of 1200 adolescents through a validated self-administered online questionnaire. Tools: It included four parts; Part I: Characteristics of studied adolescents, Part II: leisure time questionnaire, Part III: Physical activity questionnaire, and Part IV: Psychological well-being scale.Results: 55.0% of the studied adolescents reported that relaxing activities were the type of activity that was practiced more habitually during leisure time. 59.80% of the studied adolescents had low physical activity. 64.9% of the studied adolescents had moderate psychological well-being. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between practicing the practical sport in leisure time and satisfaction with leisure time, physical activity, and psychological well-being among adolescents during COVID-19. Conclusion: The results from this study concluded that the studied adolescents do low physical activity without any satisfaction about leisure time which is reflected in their psychological well-being during COVID-19. Recommendations: Future research should replicate these analyses in a non-pandemic situation. It must focus on testing the longitudinal associations reported here in non-pandemic circumstances.