C ancer poses a significant threat to human life and health, and has been a leading cause of death in humans in recent years (Stewart and Wild, 2014). In the past half century, chemotherapy has greatly strengthened the treatment for cancer. Unfortunately, traditional chemotherapeutic agents lack selectivity in which tumor cells take up less than 0.1-1 % of the drugs, and the other 99% developing into healthy tissue (van der Veldt et al., 2010).The development of drug delivery systems that are successful and have therapeutic selectivity is therefore one of the main challenges facing chemotherapy today.The nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS) has recently gained significant interest and has evolved rapidly (Wohlfart et al., 2011). Such a drug delivery system has been engineered to achieve a higher partial drug concentration, reduce systemic toxicity, and maintain drug release. Nanoparticles can penetrate tumors by passive targeting research Article Abstract | Drug delivery systems including nanoparticles are used to enhance anticancer drugs therapeutic and pharmacological properties. A biodegradable polymer chitosan (CS) was used in this study for Doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. In Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor, anticancer activity of these nanoparticles was investigated in-vivo. EAC bearing mice treated with free DOX revealed significantly increase in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine compared with EAC bearing mice group. At the same time, the levels of BUN, creatinine and TNF-α in EAC bearing mice treated with doxorubicin capsulated chitosan nanoparticles (DOX-CNs) at dose (1-3 mg/kg) revealed significant declines when compared with EAC bearing mice treated with free DOX. The expression levels of miR-34a was found to be significantly up-regulated in DOX-treated mice accompanied by non-significantly change in the mRNA expression of renal Sirt1 compared with EAC-bearing mice group. The levels of miR-122 were nonsignificantly changed in renal tissue of EAC bearing mice given free DOX accompanied by significantly up-regulation in the expression levels of renal FOXO3 gene compared to EAC bearing mice and negative control groups. On the other hand, these levels were reversed in DOX capsulated chitosan nanoparticles treatment at dose (1mg/kg) but not at dose (2 or 3 mg/kg). The study reported the safety of administering DOX capsulated chitosan nanoparticles at dose (1mg/kg) and elicited anti-carcinogenic activity as compared with DOX itself.
A green, simple, validated reversed-phase ultra -. performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of ganciclovir in both bulk and two different dosage forms. The optimum separation was reached using Acclaim TM RSLC.120 C18…column..(2.1.x.100.mm,.2.2.µm) at 30 °C using the mobile phase composed of methanol (60%) and 20 mM phosphate buffer,. pH (4.00) 40%; at 0.5 mL/min. flow rate. The measurement took place at 253 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method was linear at concentrations ranging from 20.00 to 300.00 µg/mL. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 7.00.µg/mL and 20.00 µg/mL, respectively. The range for the percentage relative standard deviation of intra.-. day was 0.38 to 1.10 %, while for inter-day precisions was 0.56 to 2.08 %, respectively. The method was accurate, with percentage recovery ranging from 98.71 to 101.02 % and percentage relative standard…deviation ranging from 0.38 to 1.10 %. The method was favorably applied for determining of ganciclovir in bulk, pharmaceutical tablet, and gel preparation. The greenness of the method was assessed by the analytical. eco-scale system, and it was found to be eco-friendly.
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