The current study was conducted on 210 random samples of meat products (beef burger, kofta, luncheon, minced meat, sausage) and diarrheic human stool of patients suffering from vomiting and diarrhea (35 for each). The meat products were collected from different shops and hospitals at Kaliobia Governorate, Egypt, for detection of B. cereus strains, and their phenotypic characterization as well as antibiotic resistant genes. Bacteriological examination of the collected samples indicated the identification of 51 (24.3%) isolates of B. cereus from 210 samples as 11 (31.4%) from kofta 13 (37.1%) from minced meat, 9 (25.7%) from sausage, 7 (20.0%) from beef burger, 6 (17.1%) from luncheon samples, and 5 (14.3%) from human stool specimens. Most of 51 isolated B. cereus strains had the ability for biofilm production. The antibiotic sensitivity profiles revealed that the isolated B. cereus was highly resistant for Penicillin-G followed by methicillin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, sulfatrimethoprim and cefotaxime. Meanwhile, they were highly sensitive to gentamycin and norfloxacin followed by ciprofloxacin, meropenem and florphenicol. Further, PCR declared that bla, tetA and erm genes were amplified in 9, 7, 6 out of 10 studied B. cereus isolates giving products of 680 bp, 502 bp, and 645 bp, respectively. Therefore, one can conclude that B. cereus, especially antibiotic resistances ones, is meat-borne pathogens of public health importance and they may be the causative agents in patients suffering from vomiting and diarrhea.

Pasteurella multocida is the main cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in camels. This study deals with the isolation and molecular examination of hemorrhagic septicemia in camels from May 2014 to March 2016 from 30 camel nasal swabs in Marsa Matruh and 120 camel lungs (70 slaughtered in Basateen abattoir in Giza Governorate and 50 slaughtered in Al-Shohada abattoir at Al-Menofia Governorate). All collected samples were subjected to clinical, postmortem examination as well as for bacteriological and molecular examination. Totally P. multocida was isolated from the examined samples with percentage of 5(3.3%). While the percentage of the isolation rate from 120 camel lungs was 5(4.2%). In contrast, all 30 nasal swabs were negative. In the pathogenicity test, all P.multocida isolates were highly pathogenic. Pasteurella multocida isolates were identified by PCR and 23 S RNA gene was amplified at 1432bp. Three out of five isolates were identified as P.multocida type B with amplification at 760bp while other two isolates identified as P.multocida type A and amplified at 1044bp. Also, PCR showed that toxA gene was amplified in all isolates and giving product of 864bp but ptfA gene was not detected. As conclusion, P.multocida in camels can be diagnosed with different methods such as confirmatory biochemical and molecular assays.

This study was done on a total of 92 mastitic milk samples (50 clinical, 42 sub-clinical) and 40 hand swabs from contact humans were collected from different dairy farms at Gharbia governorate. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically to isolate mastitis pathogens (Staph. aureus, Strept. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and Strept. uberis). From clinical mastitic samples, six isolates were S. aureus (12%) and one isolate was (2%) S. dysgalactiae. Among sub clinical mastitic milk samples two isolates were S. aureus (4.6%) and one isolate (2.3%) S. agalactiae. While S. uberis were not detected. From contact human hand swabs both S. aureus and Streptococcus species were s were highly sensitive to Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that all bacterial isolate not detected. gentamicin respectively, while all isolates and enerofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulpha |trimethoprim were resistant to penicillin followed by amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid. Two isolates of S. aureus were screened for detection of enterotoxin genes (Sea, Seb, Sec, Sed and See) by multiplex PCR. Only Sed gene was detected in one isolate. Cfb gene (CAMP factor) and hyl (hyluronidase) gene were detected in S. agalactiae. mig (surface-expressed mig protein) gene was detected in S. dysgalactiae.

This work aims to study the genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains isolated from 200 samples collected from humans (mouth, pharynx and hand) and food as poultry, milk and human food (cocked Liver and burgers sandwich). Genetic characteristics were evaluated epeningon resistance genes against some antibiotics that may be used for treatment of infected cases. A total of 23 isolates of S. aureus were identified from the collected 200 samples in an incidence rate of 11.5%. The identified strains were screened for resistance against 11 different antimicrobial agents. The strains showed a high level of resistance about (85-90%) to methicillin, penicillin; tobramycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazone-trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, moderate resistance to gentamycin, levofloxacin and lomfloxacin about (40-60%), while clindamycin and tetracycline antimicrobial agents were had a very low resistance, reaching (5-10%). The isolated S. aureus strains were monitored for the most important resistant genes the incidence rate of mecA, blaZ and tetK were (100%), while the aac(6'), aph(2") and norA were (45.5%) and (90.9%), respectively. This work revealed that about 70% of the isolated S.aureus strains were resistant to antibiotic drugs. Therefore, the miss, hub-hazard and uncontrolled use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine must be prevented.