ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of cystic fibrosis (CF) on pancreas and liver elasticity in young children using point shear wave elastography and to determine the relationship with clinical findings.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with genetically proven CF, who were admitted to our pediatric gastroenterology clinic, and 22 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study. The shear wave velocity (SWV) of the liver and pancreas were measured with point shear wave elastography.ResultsThe 22 patients with CF included 45.5% girls with a mean age ± SD of 35 ± 35.8 months (range, 5–123 months). The 22 healthy control participants included 41.2% girls with a mean age of 58.9 ± 44.4 months (range, 2–159 months). The mean SWV of the pancreas in the patients with CF (1.06 ± 0.26 m/s) was significantly higher than that of the healthy control participants (0.85 ± 0.23 m/s; P = .01). The mean SWV of the liver in the patients with CF (1.46 ± 0.24 m/s) was significantly higher than that of the healthy control participants (1.12 ± 0.21 m/s; P = .001). The SWV of the pancreas and liver did not show any significant differences depending on ursodeoxycholic acid use, malnutrition status, and the presence of the F508 deletion mutation.ConclusionsThis study showed an increased SWV of the pancreas in children with CF, contrary to the literature. We also found an increased liver SWV even in the absence of CF‐related liver disease. Ultrasound elastography may be a useful method of evaluating early changes in the pancreas and liver before the obvious clinical, laboratory, and B‐mode ultrasound signs of CF‐related involvement.

Objective: Unlike adults, gallbladder polyps (GPs) are rare in childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients with a GP diagnosis. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with GP via ultrasonography from October 2012 to October 2017 were retrospectively evaluated in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and laboratory findings. Results: The study included 19 patients diagnosed with GP and followed up in our department. The patients comprised 14 (73.6%) girls with a mean age of 13.9 ± 4.1 years and a mean follow-up period of 10.2 ± 5.4 months (range, 3–26 months). The most common presenting symptom of the patients (n = 15, 78.9%) for ultrasonography was abdominal pain without biliary symptoms. Location of the polyps was in the corpus in 55% of patients, and either in the fundus (20%) or the neck of the gallbladder (25%). The average diameter of the polyps was 4.5 ± 1.6 mm (range, 2–9 mm). Multiple polyps were observed in 3 patients. No significant change in the number or size of polyps was noted at the end of the follow-up periods. Cholecystectomy was applied to 1 patient who had >5 polyps with a rapid increase in size, and the pathology report was hamartomatous polyp. There was no remarkable change in the clinical or laboratory findings of other patients during the follow-up period. Conclusion: In this study, GPs could be seen in young children as young as 16 months of age and ultrasonography is sufficient for follow-up in stable and asymptomatic patients.

Children with classical AATD commonly have chronic liver disease. In heterozygous (PiMZ) children with AATD, enzyme levels can normalize with occasional fluctuations, sometimes causing delayed diagnosis.

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Background Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serosal inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate fecal calprotectin (FC) in children with FMF during the non‐attack period. Methods A retrospective evaluation was made of the data of a total 66 patients diagnosed with FMF in an attack‐free period and without amyloidosis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FC level in the FMF patients was compared with that in the patients with IBD and healthy control subjects. Results The FMF patients consisted of 37 boys (56.1%) with a mean age of 10.1 ± 3.9 years. Mean FC was 192.5 μg/g (range, 19.5–800 μg/g) in the FMF group, 597.9 μg/g (range, 180–800 μg/g) in the IBD group, and 43.8 μg/g (range, 19.5–144 μg/g) in the control group. The FC level in the children with FMF was higher than in the control group (P < 0.001), and the FC level of the IBD patients was higher than both the FMF and the control groups (P = 0.020, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions FC was higher in FMF patients compared with healthy children even in the absence of IBD/amyloidosis. Even though colonoscopy is the gold standard in identifying intestinal inflammation in FMF patients, FC, a non‐invasive and inexpensive method, can be used for screening. The presence of subclinical intestinal inflammation was also quantitatively identified in children with FMF.

BACKGROUND: Gastritis consists of inflammation of the gastric mucosa and is one of the main causes of dyspeptic symptoms in children. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of inflammation by evaluating fecal calprotectin (FC) in children diagnosed with chronic gastritis.

Fatma DEMİRBAŞ 2 ve Aynur B. BOSTANCI 3 Öz Bu araştırmada, okulların örgütsel öğrenmeleri ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelindedir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2019-2020 öğretim yılında Kütahya ilinin Gediz ilçesinde görev yapan 610 öğretmen, örneklemini ise 404 ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yoluna gidilmiştir. Araştırma verileri "Örgütsel Öğrenme Ölçeği" ve "Öğretmenler için Örgütsel Sessizlik Ölçeği" ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri aritmetik ortalama, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Katsayısı ve Çoklu Regresyon Analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya göre, öğretmenlerin okullarda örgütsel öğrenmeye yönelik algı düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Yine okullarda örgütsel öğrenmeye yönelik öğretmen algılarının, çalışılan okul düzeyine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin okullarda örgütsel sessizliğe yönelik algıları ise düşük düzeydedir. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik düzeyi algıları, çalışılan okul düzeyi göre anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Araştırmanın başka bir sonucuna göre de, öğretmenlerin okullardaki örgütsel öğrenme algıları ile örgütsel sessizlik düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü orta dereceli bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak araştırmada, öğretmenlerin okullarda örgütsel öğrenmeye yönelik algılarının, örgütsel sessizlik düzeylerini anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı görülmüştür.

Objective: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at increased risk of osteopenia of prematurity due to interruption of intrauterine bone mineralization. In this study aimed to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) by evaluating DXA in children aged 5-7 years with VLBW and preterm birth.Methods: This study was conducted prospectively between February 2011 and September 2012. Seventy-five children aged 5-7 years, who were born under 1.500 grams were included.Results: Bone density measurements of the study group (42 female 56%) were found to be low compared to the DXA reference values (p < 0.001). According to the L1-L4 Z score, bone density was found to be low in 21.33% (n: 16) of the cases. Total femur Z score (p = 0.018), femur neck BMD (p = 0.001), total femur BMD (p = 0.012) values were significantly lower in females than males. Whole body BMD values (p = 0.021) were significantly lower in patients receiving postnatal systemic steroids than in the non-receiving group. Femur neck BMD values of the patients who received only breast milk in the first six months were found to be statistically significantly higher than those who received only formula in the first six months (p = 0.034).A significant correlation was found between the current height, weight, BMI increase and BMD measurement. Conclusion:In this study, it was shown that bone diseases in VLBW and preterm infants affect bone mineralization in long term. We determined the effects of drugs and nutrition used in treatments and current anthropometric measurements on bone health of preterm and VLBW.