In this study we investigated whether programmed death-1 (PD-1) could serve as a useful diagnostic marker to differentiate between primary cutaneous CD4 small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma (PCSM-TCL) and cutaneous pseudo-T-cell lymphomas on the one hand and other types of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) on the other. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from 26 patients with PCSM-TCL or pseudo-T-cell lymphoma, including 1 patient with a lymphomatoid drug eruption, and 52 skin biopsies from other types of CTCLs were stained for PD-1. In addition, PD-1-positive cases were stained with antibodies against BCL6, CXCL13, and CD10 to determine a possible relationship with follicular helper T (TFH) cells. In all 26 cases of PCSM-TCL or pseudo-T-cell lymphoma, the medium-sized to large-sized atypical T cells consistently expressed PD-1, BCL6, and CXCL13 but not CD10. PD-1 expression was found in only 2 of 21 cases of mycosis fungoides and in only 2 of 16 cases of cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified. All 4 patients with an aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic CD8 CTCL and all 11 cases with a primary cutaneous CD30 lymphoproliferative disorder were negative for PD-1. In conclusion, PD-1 is typically expressed by atypical cells in PCSM-TCL and pseudo-T-cell lymphoma but is not expressed or is rarely expressed in other types of CTCLs. Therefore, it may serve as a suitable adjunct in differential diagnosis. Our results demonstrate that the atypical cells in PCSM-TCL and pseudo-T-cell lymphomas share a common TFH phenotype and support the view that most cases classified nowadays as PCSM-TCL are identical to cutaneous pseudo-T-cell lymphomas described previously.

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Our results suggest that strong expression of TOX in more than 50% of skin-infiltrating T cells in erythrodermic skin is a useful marker in the differentiation between SS and erythrodermic dermatitis, whereas staining for C-MYC does not contribute to differential diagnosis.

Severe acne itself is not associated with hyperandrogenemia and/or insulin resistance. Isotretinoin treatment does not alter serum androgens or insulin sensitivity, although it increases body weight and serum triglycerides.

While PD-1 is expressed by CD4(+) neoplastic T cells in SS, our results suggest that PD-1 is expressed mainly by activated dermal and epidermal CD8(+) T cells in EID. Expression of PD-1 by > 50% of CD4(+) T cells and expression of CD7 by ≤ 20% of the infiltrating T cells strongly support a diagnosis of SS in skin biopsies of patients with erythroderma.

ide and adiponectin levels. Glucose metabolism markers in patients with acne and controls were similar at baseline and did not change after treatment. Baseline OGTT in acne patients revealed an increased adiponectin response at 2 h, which was not present in healthy controls. Remarkably, this OGTT-induced adiponectin increment in acne patients was diminished after isotretinoin treatment. Conclusion: Adiponectin levels are differently regulated in women with severe acne and healthy controls in that circulating basal levels in patients are suppressed and show an increase in response to oral glucose load. Suppression of baseline adiponectin ameliorates after 6 months of isotretinoin treatment, reaching levels similar to those of healthy controls.

PD-1 is rarely expressed by the neoplastic B cells in CBCL. High percentages of PD-1(+) T cells, particularly if found outside germinal centers, support a diagnosis of PCFCL.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. According to the proposed guidelines for MF, skin-directed therapies are the treatment of choice for patients with limited stage disease. We present a case of early-stage MF, who progressed to tumor-stage MF during the postpartum period, showing a solitary ulcerated tumor on the vulva, which was successfully treated with local response-based, low-dose radiotherapy.