Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) gained momentum as a potential etiological factor for many types of cancers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HPV-16 infection among Sudanese patients diagnosed with Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Salivary Gland Carcinoma. A descriptive, hospital-based study was conducted. 150 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were collected. Results The study population included a total of 150 patients aged between 18 to 87 years with a mean age of 48.8 ± 11.9 years. Based on gender, females constituted 46.7% while males constituted 53.3%. The 150 patients were classified into 40 (26.0%) esophageal, 30 (20.0%) nasopharyngeal, 18 (12.0%) conjunctival, 18 (12.0%) tongue 12 (8.0%) laryngeal, 8 (5.3%) lip, 6 (4.0%) oropharyngeal, 6 (4.0%) mucoepidermoid, and 6 (4.0%) adenoid cystic, and 6 (4.0%) myoepithelial carcinomas. Odds ratio for male and female diagnosed with carcinoma was 1.025 [0.439–2.394, 95% CI]. Molecular detection of HPV-16 revealed a prevalence of 26 (17.3%) patients were positive for HPV-16. According to cancer diagnosis, esophageal SCC patients showed a high proportion of HPV-16; 14/40 (35.0%). A statistically significant difference was seen for the distribution of HPV-16 positive patients based on cancer diagnosis, P value 0.001.

Knowledge of the breast cancer pattern and stage of diagnosis can aid in the disease’s subsequent effective management. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of Sudanese women with breast carcinoma. Methodology: This analysis used Khartoum Oncology Hospital’s Pathology Laboratory to retrieve breast biopsy data from January to December 2022. Conventional histopathology confirmed the breast lesion diagnoses. Laboratory records provided all patient data. Results: With 70.2%, 12.8%, 10.6%, and 6.4%, respectively, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), metastatic carcinoma (MC), lobular carcinoma (LC), and papillary carcinoma (PC) were the four most prevalent types of carcinoma. The mean tumor size ± Std. Error of Mean was 8.99±2.18cm. The most common tumor sizes among patients were <3 cm, followed by >10 cm, 3-5 cm, and 5.1–10 cm, which correspond to (51%), (21.3%), (17%), and (10.7%), respectively. Conclusions: In Sudan, invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular subtype are the most frequent breast cancer types. Young Sundanese are getting an increasing incidence of breast cancer. Due to the country’s poor early detection programs, many individuals arrive with advanced stages of the disease.

The effectiveness of selection in any cropdepends on the magnitude of the available genetic variability in the gene pool of the species. In this study, 12 cowpea genotypes (ten accessions and two check cultivars) were assessed for agronomic performance, extent of genetic variability and the association between different traits. The genotypes were sown in twoconsecutive seasons (October 2015/2016 and 2016/2017) at Shambat using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Agronomic performance, variance components, genetic coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance and genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were estimated. The genotypes exhibited wide variation in all ofthe studied traits. Seed yield ranged from 477.71 (genotypeHSD-5674) to 2204 kg/ha (genotypeHSD-5131).Highest estimates of genetic coefficient of variation (48.98) and genetic advance as percentage of the mean (81.21) were obtained for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant, whereas days to maturity showed the lowest estimates. However, days to maturity had thehighest heritability estimate (86%) and seed yield/plant had the lowest (40%) value. Seed yield (Kg/ha)had significant positive genotypic and phenotypic association with each of seed yield/plant, number of pods/peduncle and number of pods/plant indicating that selection for these traits may be effective in yield improvement of the present cowpea genotypes. Genotypes HSD-5131, HSD-5130 and HSD-5672 appeared promising for future seed yield improvement breeding programs under the semi-tropics of Sudan

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