Global health research typically relies on the translation of knowledge (from health professionals to the community) and the dissemination of knowledge (from research results to the wider public). However, Greenhalgh and Wieringa [2011. Is it time to drop the 'knowledge translation' metaphor? A critical literature review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 104(12), 501-509. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2011.110285 ] suggest 'that while "translation" is a widely used metaphor in medicine, it constrains how we conceptualize and study the link between knowledge and practice' (p. 501). Often the knowledge garnered from such research projects comes from health professionals rather than reflecting the lived experiences of people and communities. Likewise, there has been a gap in 'translating' and 'disseminating' the results of participatory action research projects to policymakers and medical practitioners. This paper will look at how using participatory visual methodologies in global health research with children and youth facing global adversity incorporates the multiple functions of their lived realities so that research becomes a means of intervention. Drawing from a literature review of participatory visual methods as media, content and processes of global health research, this paper raises practical, theoretical, and ethical questions that arise from research as intervention. The paper concludes by exploring what lessons emerge when participatory visual methodologies are integrated into global health research with children and youth facing global adversity.
This year marks the tenth anniversary of the death of Jackie Kirk, a co-founder of Girlhood Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, and an incredibly effective member of the global education community who died at the hands of the Taliban in Afghanistan on 13 August 2008 while working on a project on girls’ education. As an activist and researcher Jackie had a great range of expertise, including that of dealing with education in emergencies, the challenges facing women teachers, and the menstruation-related needs of school-going girls, as well as a grasp of the importance of visual images in understanding the realm of girls’ education. She brought to her work an attention to critical theoretical concepts alongside the practical; she always placed girls and women (especially women teachers) at the center of her explorations, her analyses, and her recommendations for policy and practice.
Scrub typhus is a re-emerging zoonotic rickettsial disease and is prevalent in many parts of India. Scrub typhus in Uttar Pradesh is virtually unknown but has shown emergence in recent reports. In this context, a prospective study was planned to analyze the prevalence and clinic-epidemiological parameters of scrub typhus in febrile patients present in JNMC hospital. Patients of >15 years with undiagnosed acute febrile illness of more than 5 days with or without acute respiratory failure and acute renal failure (ARF) were included in the study. Clinical profile was recorded through predesigned proforma. Blood samples were collected and serological tests were performed. PCR was performed on whole blood samples of positive patients. Total 414 patients, who were negative for other common febrile etiologies, i.e.: malaria, dengue, enteric fever were included in the study. Out of 414 patients, 112 (27%) were found positive for scrub typhus by ELISA and micro-immunofluorescence (MIF). PCR was negative in all cases. Slight male predominance (52.6%) was observed. Significant number of positive cases 90(80.3%) were between 18-46 years of age (P value <0.05). Majority of cases appeared during winter season Respiratory involvement was significant in positive cases (P value <0.05). Among the gastro-intestinal symptoms, diarrhea and vomiting were also significant (P value <0.005). All the patients responded to the treatment. No complications and mortality was observed. Scrub typhus should be considered in undiagnosed febrile patients coming from rural and agricultural background with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Serology is reliable in the diagnosis of scrub typhus as molecular testing is costly, labor intensive and not helpful.
Empathy, compassion and kindness are some of the virtues that often get ignored amidst the tough study schedule, through the entire professional course. This is where a medical student loses those virtues and compassion for humanity that on the first instance obligated him to join this stream of medicine, despite the odds. The medical humanities can have both instrumental and non-instrumental functions in a medical school curriculum. The instrumental functions are met through the different aspect of their curriculum but there is little room for non-instrumental functions. This article deals with the unique way of teaching learning humanities by means of an organization that was conceptualized and is being nurtured and managed by the medical students for the welfare of the patients and communities but what makes the organization unique in itself is in a sense that it is run by medical students, it teaches budding healers how to be a good human being with concern for society especially underprivileged section of society.
Introduction: Hand Hygiene is the cheapest, easiest and the single most effective measure to reduce cross-transmission of infection from one patient to another and from the healthcare workers to patients and vice versa. Multiple studies have shown a decrease in healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) rates after improvement in hand-hygiene compliance. Despite being the simplest procedure adherence to the hand hygiene recommendations remains well below 50% and healthcare workers repeatedly observed as being poor compliers. Objective: This study was planned to access the impact of covid-19 pandemic on the compliance of infection control practices at a tertiary health care centre in India. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was used to assess the impact of covid-19 pandemic on attitude, knowledge and on the compliance of hand hygiene practices at a tertiary health care centre in India. Results: A marked difference was observed in the availability of resources for hand hygiene i.e., 48 (96%) locations and the display of instructions for hand hygiene 50 (100%). A significant difference was also observed among the knowledge of the steps of hand hygiene {2019: 16(32%; 2020: 33 (66%)} and of the moments of hand hygiene {2019: 27 (54%); 2020; 44 (88%)}. (ϰ2 = 79.2, df =1, p = 0). In 2020 (during COVID -19 pandemic) a significant increase in compliance was noted in most of the departments with highest compliance rate of ICUs (100%), followed by OTs (91.7%), paediatrics (95.8%) obstetrics and gynaecology (90.6%), surgery (86.5%), blood bank and laboratories (85.7%). However, unlike the other parameters, the compliance of hand hygiene during the previous year (2019) and during 2020 (COVID -19 pandemic, was poor with no significant difference in compliance of hand hygiene practices even during the pandemic. Of all the 5 moments suggested by WHO, maximum compliance (36% in 2019 and 60% in 2020 pandemic) was after body fluid exposure. Conclusions: Hand Hygiene should be made a national priority. Active involvement by healthcare administrators, national and local governments should be committed to make hand hygiene a mandate for patient safety. Accessibility to hand hygiene products like soap and water and/or alcohol-based hand rubs and written and verbal reminders to staff are essential to improve the compliance of hand hygiene. Thrust should also be given to hand hygiene as a research subject.
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