The escalating risk of diabetes and its consequential impact on cardiac, vascular, ocular, renal, and neural systems globally have compelled researchers to devise cost-effective, ultrasensitive, and reliable electrochemical glucose sensors for the early diagnosis of diabetes. Herein, we utilized advanced composite materials based on nanoporous CuO, CuO/Ag, and CuO/Ag/NiO for glucose detection. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the synthesized materials were ascertained via powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The electro-catalytic properties of the manufactured electrode materials for glucose electro-oxidation in alkaline conditions were probed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Notably, the CuO/Ag/NiO electrode material exhibited exceptional performance as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor, displaying a linear range of 0.001–5.50 mM, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 2895.3 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a low detection limit of 0.1 μM. These results suggest that nanoporous CuO/Ag/NiO-based composite materials are a promising candidate for early diagnosis of hyperglycemia and treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, non-enzymatic glucose sensors may pave the way for novel glucometer markets.
Diabetes management is a challenging task and accurate glucose sensing remains a crucial yet elusive goal. Herein, we demonstrated the capacity of electrochemically-active non-enzymatic glucose sensing of nanoporous CuO/Ag and nanoflower shaped CuO/Ag/SiNPs in an alkaline environment. The crystalline structure and the surface morphology of nanoporous CuO/Ag, and nanoflower shaped CuO/Ag/SiNPs-based composite materials were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron spectra (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The electro-catalytic characteristics of the fabricated electrode materials for glucose electro-oxidation in alkaline circumstances were examined using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry methods. The FGGS (Fourth Generation Glucose Sensors) from the composite materials exhibited a remarkable performance for glucose sensing with a wide linear range of 0.001 to 10 mM and 0.1 to 2.5 µM, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 4877.6 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a low detection limit (0.1μM). The designed electrode responded positively to the addition of glucose electro-oxidation and reached steady-state within 0.4 seconds with reproducibility (above 3000 cycles) and the diffusion rate constant for this electrochemical Nanoflower shaped CuO/Ag/SiNPs-based sensor is 0.6 cm/s. The nanoporous composite materials are cost-effective and possess improved sensitivity, selectivity, and response time, thus making them suitable for the fabrication of glucometers. The use of such materials will be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperglycemia, as well as for the development of implantable glucose sensors and wearable sensors.
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