Non-enzymatic glucose sensors composed of trimetallic CuO/Ag/NiO based composite materials

Abstract

The escalating risk of diabetes and its consequential impact on cardiac, vascular, ocular, renal, and neural systems globally have compelled researchers to devise cost-effective, ultrasensitive, and reliable electrochemical glucose sensors for the early diagnosis of diabetes. Herein, we utilized advanced composite materials based on nanoporous CuO, CuO/Ag, and CuO/Ag/NiO for glucose detection. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the synthesized materials were ascertained via powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The electro-catalytic properties of the manufactured electrode materials for glucose electro-oxidation in alkaline conditions were probed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Notably, the CuO/Ag/NiO electrode material exhibited exceptional performance as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor, displaying a linear range of 0.001–5.50 mM, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 2895.3 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a low detection limit of 0.1 μM. These results suggest that nanoporous CuO/Ag/NiO-based composite materials are a promising candidate for early diagnosis of hyperglycemia and treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, non-enzymatic glucose sensors may pave the way for novel glucometer markets.

Trimetallic CuO/Ag/NiO supported with silica nanoparticles based composite materials for green hydrogen production

“…4.783) and a slight SiNPs hump at 22° (Fig. 2 B(b)) 24 .

Figure 2 ( A ) Schematic representation of TMSiNPs formation, ( B ) XRD Results of (a) Pure SiNPs (b) BMSiNPs (c) TMSiNPs.

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“…The O 1 s spectrum shows a main peak at 530.1 eV, which indicating the presence of O in the − 2 oxidation state (Fig. S2 A–F) 24 , 25 .…”

“…These surfactant molecules adsorb onto the surface of the materials, preventing aggregation and the formation of nanoparticles (Fig. 1 ) 24 .

Figure 1 Synthesis representation of TMSiNPs.

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Revolutionizing Glucose Monitoring: Enzyme-Free 2D-MoS2 Nanostructures for Ultra-Sensitive Glucose Sensors with Real-Time Health-Monitoring Capabilities

“…The development of glucose sensors may be divided into four major generations. − The technology used in the first generation of sensors entailed immobilizing a catalytic enzyme, such as glucose oxidase (GOx), onto an electrode. First-generation glucose sensors met interference from electroactive compounds in the blood, such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, and a variety of other medicines that may be present in the circulation. , To enhance the electron transport mechanism, the second generation of glucose sensor technology proposed using a nonphysiological, artificial mediator to replace the first-generation mediator, oxygen . Although second-generation sensors have managed to overcome some of the problems of their predecessors, their performance and sensitivity remained reliant on variations in medium pH as well as temperature and humidity on the electrode surface.…”

Enzyme-free electrochemical sensor platforms based on transition metal nanostructures for clinical diagnostics

“…15–17 Electroanalytical methods have various advantages, such as rapid response, easy operation, and low cost, for detecting and monitoring biomarkers compared to other analytical strategies. 18–20 In addition, due to the achievement of sensitivity, miniaturization, and long-term durability, electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms could be applied for the practical reality. The real-time monitoring of lactic acid and glucose in blood has a lot of inconveniences during physical events.…”