Aim: We aimed to examine whether there is any association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] and urinary tract infection (UTI) among children. Methods: White blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, and serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured in 82 children experiencing a first episode of UTI, with no risk factors for UTI, and 64 healthy control children. Results: The mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among children with UTI were significantly lower than those of controls (11.7 ± 3.3 vs. 27.6 ± 4.7 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly lower in patients with acute pyelonephritis compared to patients with lower UTI (8.6 ± 2.8 vs. 14.2 ± 3.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Within the study group, mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among girls were lower than those of boys (10.9 ± 3.4 ng/ml vs. 13.2 ± 4.4 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a serum 25(OH)D3 level of <20 ng/ml (odds ratio 3.503, 95% confidence interval 1.621-7.571; p = 0.001) was associated with UTI in children. Conclusions: Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for UTI in children.
The MPV is a fast and reliable measurement with considerable predictive value for the diagnosis of APN and renal scars, and its predictive capacity is better than that of CRP, ESR, and WBC values.
The European catfish, Silurus glanis, is native to eastern Europe and western Asia and is among the largest freshwater fish in the world. Despite its increasing economic importance and its frequent introductions, the ecology and life-history of this species is poorly known due to the difficulty of sampling such a large species in large rivers and standing waters. Our study provides the first data on age and growth of this species in Turkish waters, where it is native. We report the length-weight relationships and age and size structure of this population, which were significantly different between females and males. A marginal increment analysis indicated that annulus formation occurred between May and June. The estimates of three growth functions (von Bertalanffy, logistic and Gompertz) are reported, with the von Bertalanffy growth providing a better fit and more realistic parameter estimates. Growth rates were significantly higher in males than in females and were overall higher compared to other native populations but similar to introduced populations of similar latitudeEGB was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science (projects CGL2009-12877-C02-01 and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065)
There is high antibiotic resistance in children with UTI. The patterns of uropathogen antimicrobial resistance vary in susceptibility to antimicrobials depending on region and time. Thus, the trends of antibiotic susceptibility patterns should be analyzed periodically to select the appropriate regimen for UTI treatment.
Clothianidin (CLO) is one of the pesticides used to protect against insects, and its potential toxic effects on cognitive functions are not clearly known. This study aims to evaluate the possible effects of dose-dependent CLO on learning and memory in infant and adult male rats and the expression of related genes in the hippocampus. Doses of 2, 8 and 24 mg/kg of CLO were administered to newborn infant and adult albino Winstar rats in the form of gavage and dissolved in vehicle matter. Their cognitive and learning functions were evaluated by the Morris water maze and probe tests. Expression levels of N-methyl D-aspartate 1 (GRIN1), muscuranic receptor M1, synoptophysin (SYP) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) of tissues isolated from the hippocampus were determined using the real-time PCR method. In the Morris water maze test, no change (p [ 0.05) was exhibited in the adult and infant rats after CLO was applied, although there was a significant difference (p \ 0.05) in performance between infants and the control group after 24 mg/kg was applied in the probe test. Also, expression levels GRIN1, M1, SYP, GAP-43 did not change when compared to the control (p [ 0.05). Our study shows that exposure to high doses of CLO causes deterioration of cognitive functions in infant rats.
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