In the economic growth literature, the contribution of tourism to economic development has attracted great attention due to its significant roles as a source of foreign exchange earnings, creation of employment opportunities and an important source of public revenues in many countries. In this paper, we aim to analyse the empirical relationship between economic growth and tourism by employing different econometric techniques. First, we employed the Bound test approach developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001, Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326) in order to investigate the co-integration relationship between economic growth and tourism. Second, we used the Granger causality analysis for the 1998-2011 period and found evidence of a long-run unidirectional causality running from tourism to economic growth, but not vice versa. Our findings show that the Turkish case supports the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). Third, the autoregressive-distributed lag approach was employed in order to investigate the long-term and short-term static relationship between tourism and economic growth. The results show that tourism has a positive effect on gross domestic product and economic growth both in the long-term and short-term. Finally, the effect of tourism on economic growth was also investigated dynamically by employing the Kalman filter method. The findings of this method support the TLGH for Turkey.
1980'li yıllardan sonra krizlerin sayısı ve şiddeti giderek artmış olup; finansal krizlerin öngörülebilirliği ve öncü göstergeleri konusu daha fazla önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. CAMELS analizi, finansal açıdan sorun yaşayan bankaların tespit edilmesi amacıyla ABD'de geliştirilen bir yöntemdir. Söz konusu analiz yardımıyla bankaların performansları değerlendirilmekte ve böylece sorunlu bankalar tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren bankaların 2003-2015 dönemindeki performanslarını CAMELS modeli yardımıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmektir. Çalışmada örneklem olarak Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren 3 kamusal sermayeli ve 9 özel sermayeli banka olmak üzere toplam 12 banka ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; özel sermayeli bankalar sermaye yeterliliği, yönetim kalitesi ve aktif (varlık) kalitesi açısından daha iyi bir görüneme sahipken; kazanç durumu ve likidite bakımından ise tam tersi bir durum söz konusudur. Diğer yandan kamusal sermayeli bankalar özel sermayeli bankalara oranla piyasa risklerine karşı daha duyarlıdırlar.
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