Sadeghinezhad J., Hajimohammadi B., Izadi F., Yarmahmoudi F., Latorre R. (2015): Evaluation of the morphologic method for the detection of animal and herbal content in minced meat. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 564-569.The quantitative and qualitative accuracy of the routine histological method for the determination of unauthorised animal and herbal content in minced meat was to evaluated. Laboratory adulterated minced beef meat; each containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% of soya and chicken gizzard was prepared. Then each sample was divided into three parts and four paraffin embedded blocks were prepared from each part. The sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome. The histological examination revealed the soya and gizzard tissues clearly in all the samples. The histometrical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the estimated percentages of both additive tissues and the real related percentages. Overall, neither was there any significant difference between the data of the three parts of each sample and the real percentages. The findings of the present research suggest the histological technique as an effective method for qualitative and quantitative evaluations of minced meat.
Oxaliplatin (Ox) is widely used for the treatment of various tumors. Since Ox prevents DNA replication and transcription, it may affect organs with rapid cell divisions such as the testes. Although its use during pregnancy has been reported, no information regarding its effects on the testes of the offspring is not available yet. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (1) was administered intraperitoneally 0.2 ml of saline three times a week for the 21 days of pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation. Experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 received 3 mg/kg of oxaliplatin three times a week for 21 days during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, respectively. The left testis was removed from male offspring 30 and 60 days after birth. The volume of the testes, seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue, the surface area and height of the seminiferous epithelium, as well as the length and diameter of seminiferous tubules, were analyzed by means of stereology. Results showed a decrease in the evaluated parameters in experimental groups, in comparison with the control group. Due to the ameliorating effect of Ox on offspring testes, cautiousness is needed during maternal administration in order to preserve the fertility of male offspring.
The lamb meat is a wealth source of proteins (18%-20%), vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and cobalamin), and minerals including iron and phosphorus. Based on existing reports, lamb has a perfect fatty acid composition and contains a lot of long chain unsaturated fatty acids compared to beef (Raes, De Smet, & Demeyer, 2004). This kind of meat is very prone to lipid oxidation during distribution and storage processes. Thus, using an appropriate package can be useful to enhance its safety and shelf life (Camo, Beltrán, & Roncalés, 2008; Karabagias, Badeka, & Kontominas, 2011). Plastics originating from petroleum products (such as polyesters, polyamides) are used extensively in conventional packaging, which is completely non-biodegradable and cause environmental pollution. To this end, the replacement of new packaging systems is considered as an essential requirement in the food packaging industry (Santiago-Silva et al., 2009). Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polyester with a linear chain which is obtained by renewable materials, and lactic acid as its constituent monomer is attained from the fermentation of the basic plant materials such as corn and cassava. PLA is characterized by desirable attributes like transparency and inhibition
Opioid receptor antagonists have in recent years shown increasing promise as adjunct therapy to psychotropic medication. The goal is to reduce the weight gain and metabolic adverse effects that are associated with certain second generation antipsychotics, such as olanzapine (OLZ) and clozapine. In this study, female rats were treated for 4 weeks with a long-acting injectable formulation of OLZ at a dose that produced clinically relevant plasma levels to access effects on feeding regulation regions of the hypothalamus. Using quantitative spatial in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography, expression levels of the mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors were defined in the five hypothalamic areas: paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). In addition, hypothalamic neuron number and size were estimated using the optical fractionator and spatial rotator. Hyperphagia was observed after only 24 hours of OLZ treatment, with continued weight gain throughout the duration of the study. In contrast, the observed food intake reversed to control levels after 2 weeks of OLZ treatment. Blood samples from day 28 revealed no changes in metabolic markers compared to controls. Chronic OLZ treatment led to increased expression of kappa opioid receptor mRNA and receptor availability in the PVN, as well as increased mu opioid receptor availability in the PVN, ARC and VMN. These changes were accompanied by a decreased number of anorexigenic POMC neurons of the ARC and CRH neurons of the PVN. In conclusion, this study supports a connection between OLZ driven adverse metabolic effects and increased opioid receptor expression in the hypothalamus, thus providing a rationale for the positive effects of using opioid receptor antagonist to relieve OLZ adverse effects.
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