Relationship between salivary vitamin D deficiency and oral lichen planus 1 | INTRODUC TI ON 25(OH)D (Vit D) promotes differentiation of epithelial cells and also prevents inappropriate apoptosis and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. Vit D has immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effects, regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins from activated lymphocytes T and B and inhibits antigen presentation to lymphocytes T. Consequently, inhibits the development of autoimmune diseases. 1 Oral lichen planus is a relatively common chronic immunological disease with various symptoms, including hyposalivation. 2 Oral lichen planus is a relatively common chronic immunological disease with various symptoms, including hyposalivation. 2 The involvement of Vit D in immunological balancing and fluid and electrolyte secretions from acinar cells reveals the importance of assessing the role of 25(OH)D in OLP patients. Nowadays, several studies have reported the salivary levels of other vitamins and micronutrients in OLP patients. 3,4 Due to non-invasive, easy saliva collection method and less infection transmission risk, 3 this study designed to determine the serum and salivary levels of 25(OH)D in OLP patients and to assess the relationship between the vitamin level and salivary flow rate. 2 | MATERIAL S AND ME THODS This case-control study was conducted on 45 healthy persons and 64 OLP patients with sex and age matched. The protocol of this study was approved by the TUMS Ethics Committee. OLP confirmed by modified WHO criteria. Individuals with systemic or autoimmune diseases, bone and 25(OH)D metabolism disorders, oral lichenoid reactions, pregnant and lactating women, and history of any medications over the last 2 months were excluded from the study. After receiving the informed consent forms, blood stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all participants according to standard method. Also, pain score measured by VAS (between 0 and 10) and severity score evaluated by Thongprasom criteria. 5 The level of 25(OH)D was measured by ELISA Kit (Padtan Gostar Isar Co). The saliva 25(OH)D output was calculated as saliva flow × saliva 25(OH)D concentration.
A ibercept and arsenic trioxide drugs apply a cytotoxic effect on some human cancer cell lines. However, no more study has followed the effects of both drugs, especially arsenic trioxide, on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OCC). We used three OCC lines as a model to show the effect of these drugs on the genetically complex disease and investigate its targeted therapy.In this study, three human OCC cell lines were used from different patients. We treated cell lines with both medications to detect the effect and relevant molecular basis. First, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to detect the cytotoxicity effect and cell growth. Second, western blot and ow cytometry were performed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic effect on OCC lines. Next apoptosis was analyzed by ow cytometry. Finally, clonogenesis capacity and cell migration were assessed by colony formation assay and wound healing, respectively.A ibercept had no cytotoxic effect on the three OCC cell lines but decreased cell growth rate. Arsenic trioxide had a signi cant cytotoxic effect on three cell lines. Our results demonstrated that both drugs signi cantly decreased endoglin and VEGF expression. In addition, Migration and colony formation assays con rmed that these drugs have signi cant anti-proliferative and anti-migration effect on oral carcinoma cells.These results revealed that both medications might be a potential drug for the management of oral cancer patients.
Nursing is one of the most crucial foundations of any country's healthcare system. Nurses spend most of their time at the bedside of their patients, exposing them to a wide range of situations and, as a result, are constantly faced with ethical dilemmas. The present study aims to investigate the ability of ethical thinking and the characteristics that help nurses maintain their professional ethics. This is cross-sectional descriptive research.in Alborz University of Medical Sciences (281) hospitals in 2018. The Chrisham ethical reasoning questionnaire and Kohlberg facilitators were used to collect data. SPSS software version 20 and descriptive and analytical tests were used to evaluate the data. The mean score for nurses' ethical reasoning was 49.17, Emphasizing the staff skills during the division of labor in the managerial dimension, positive attitude of nurses toward professional ethics standards in the individual dimension, positive attitude of nurses towards the standards of professional ethics in the individual dimension, and patients' familiarity with time and the way to provide nursing services in the patient dimension have the highest score. The findings also revealed that the two variables of moral thinking and elements promoting professional ethics in nurses had no significant association.
Aflibercept and arsenic trioxide drugs apply a cytotoxic effect on some human cancer cell lines. However, no more study has followed the effects of both drugs, especially arsenic trioxide, on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OCC). We used three OCC lines as a model to show the effect of these drugs on the genetically complex disease and investigate its targeted therapy.In this study, three human OCC cell lines were used from different patients. We treated cell lines with both medications to detect the effect and relevant molecular basis. First, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to detect the cytotoxicity effect and cell growth. Second, western blot and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic effect on OCC lines. Next apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, clonogenesis capacity and cell migration were assessed by colony formation assay and wound healing, respectively.Aflibercept had no cytotoxic effect on the three OCC cell lines but decreased cell growth rate. Arsenic trioxide had a significant cytotoxic effect on three cell lines. Our results demonstrated that both drugs significantly decreased endoglin and VEGF expression. In addition, Migration and colony formation assays confirmed that these drugs have significant anti-proliferative and anti-migration effect on oral carcinoma cells.These results revealed that both medications might be a potential drug for the management of oral cancer patients.
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