Background: Cerebrovascular accidents are the most prevalent debilitating neurological disease and the third leading cause of death in the world. Although the incidence of stroke increases with age, its prevalence is growing in the young. Objectives: In the present study the incidence of ischemic stroke and its associated risk factors was investigated in young adults in the city of Kermanshah, Iran over a seven-year period. Methods: The present study was conducted on 122 patients below the age of 45 years who hospitalized with ischemic stroke in the Department of Neurology of Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah between 2007 and 2014. Data, including age, gender, history of hypertension, smoking status, the history of heart disease, taking high-risk medications, the history of internal diseases, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and causes of stroke were recorded in the designed a checklist. Results: The incidence of ischemic stroke had been growing in individuals under the age of 45 years in Kermanshah during 2007-2014. The mean and standard deviation of age was 37.33 ± 7.05 years among participants. They included 57 female (46.7%) and 65 males (53.3%). The most prevalent risk factors in the study patients respectively comprised the history of hypertension (30.3%), smoking status (28.7%), the history of heart disease (26.2%), taking high-risk medications (23.8%), the history of internal diseases (22.9%), hyperlipidemia (20.5%) and diabetes mellitus (18.8%). Early atherosclerosis (23.8%) was also found to be the most common cause of ischemic stroke in these patients. Conclusions: There is a considerable increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke in young people. Control of the risk factors, raising public awareness, and changing lifestyle are crucial for preventing cerebrovascular accidents and their associated complications and death.
In recent years, advance oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely interested for treatment of industrial wastewater and organic matter. At among, Electrofenton has been proposed as a strong oxidative method. So, the aim of this work was purification of colored aqueous containing crystal violet by electrofenton process and steel mesh electrodes. All regents and methods were prepared from analytical grad and standard methods. The amounts of crystal violet were determined by colorimetric using a spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength about 586 nm. The main parameters such as pH, applied current, dye concentration, reaction time and supporting electrolyte dose were investigated. Experimental data analysis was also performed using excel software. The results of this study showed that the better dye degradation is occurred in acidic pH (pH3), contact time of 5 minutes, initial concentration of crystal violet 50 mg/l, applied current 0.8 A and an electrolyte level about 0.1 g/L of NaCl. Higher electrical current and lower pHs were caused to generate the higher amount of oxidative radical and regeneration of Fe2+. Under optimal condition, crystal violet was removed around 99.72%. Referring to the results, it can be concluded that the electrofenton is a suitable in situ hydrogen peroxide generation technology for treatment of colored wastewater.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a type of sensory-motor disorder characterized by pain, discomfort, numbness and tingling. This study was conducted to compare the prevalence of RLS in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls. Eighty-four patients with MS were selected as the case group and 84 healthy volunteers with no underlying diseases as the controls. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, a scale about the disease details and a diagnostic questionnaire for RLS. A total of 45.8% of the MS patients and 22.9% of the healthy subjects had restless legs syndrome and a significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard. In the study of RLS among MS patients, age correlated significantly with the incidence of this syndrome, and although the difference in the duration of disease was not significant, the mean duration of MS was higher in the patients with RLS. Among the MS patients with RLS, 26.31% had a family history of RLS. Also, the MS patients suffered from RLS approximately three times more than the healthy group.
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