Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults’ spirituality. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection of Iranian older adults. Totally, 22 people aged above 60 years old were interviewed using open-ended questions. The recorded interviews were then transcribed, and a coding process was applied based on a qualitative, conventional content analysis. Results Three key factors were found to promote the spirituality among the older adults: 1) insight in personal belief, 2) spiritual socialization, and 3) peace of mind. Traditional dimensions, the cultural surroundings, and participants’ religious beliefs were apparent in each of the categories. Conclusion Society’s role in making the seniors spiritual role models was very important; moreover the hereafter life on religious grounds seemed to be another important factor in reaching for high levels of spiritual and mystical perfection. Educational interventions based on the elders’ needs for spiritual empowering by health care professionals especially with regards to their spiritual based social interactions and reaching peace of mind, will comprise a major part of wellness approaches.

Recognition of the spiritual and psychological needs of children and their families with chronic asthma disease may be helpful in a successful coping with their problems in order to control over the condition. In a qualitative content analysis study, nine children with moderate to severe asthma and 10 parents were studied in order to discover the resources of compatibility of them. The participants were chosen purposefully and they were asked some semi-structure questions about their experiences. The spiritual and psychological experiences of the participants were divided into two main categories as follows: (1) contrive to religious-belief consisting of three sub-categories known as "religious rituals, believe in a divine predestination, and Islamic-based patience," and (2) psycho-intellectual management that includes the five sub-categories of "psycho-intellectual attention, maintaining family's mental peace, reduction in negative burden of disease, satisfaction from optimal treatment, and matching internal desires with disease conditions." It is recommended that heath care providers by reinforcing parent's and children's religious and spiritual backgrounds and according to child's cognitive development at this age provide a suitable foreground through necessary instructions for children and their families in order to spiritual growth and suitable adaptation with disease.

Introduction Selecting an appropriate teaching methodology is one of the key stages in education. This study is an attempt to delve into the effect of FC through NPE on patient safety knowledge retention in nursing and midwifery students. Methods A randomized controlled trial, using the Solomon design, was conducted in 2019 on 82 nursing and midwifery students enrolled from Bushehr nursing and midwifery school. The Subjects were then allocated to four groups via block randomization. The Subjects in both intervention groups studied the educational content online for 2 weeks and subsequently attended the FC through NPE. Both control groups merely received education based on conventional method. The post-test was once administered to the four study groups immediately after completing the program and once again 2 months after it. Results The posttest mean scores of knowledge retention in both intervention groups remained the same (P = 0.1), while they were higher in the control groups (P < 0.05). The changes in the mean scores of the post-test in the intervention and follow-up groups did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the four study groups (P = 0.130, F = 1.941). Conclusion The use of the FC through NPE increased the knowledge mean scores; however, it failed to affect knowledge retention. Given the infancy of this pedagogical approach, further studies are needed to investigate its effects on various learning outcomes.

Background: Safety climate which is a subset of organizational climate in the field of safety mirrors the attitude of people in care centers towards safety. In addition to being in connection with diverse parts of the organization’s function, safety climate can also affect the nurse’s performance. Aim: The present study aimed at determining the predicting role of the safety climate in the professional behavior of nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross sectional study, which is of descriptive analytical type, 595 expert nurses currently working with more than 6 months of working experience in the medical wards of hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences entered the study. Data was gathered from the viewpoint of the nurse and professional behavior through a demographic information form and two safety climate questionnaires. Then the data were analyzed by V.19 SPSS which is statistical software. The data analysis was conducted using univariate regression and multivariate linear regression at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Among the diverse domains of the safety climate, the field of nursing education (P= 0.027, ß=0.104), communicating with other nurses (P= 0.027, ß=0.101) and error reporting (P= <0.001, ß= 0.191) were the direct prediction of professional nursing behavior. Also, apart from safety climate, satisfaction of the nursing job had a direct, statistic and significant relationship with professional behavior (P= <0.001, ß= 0.142). Conclusion: Attempts to create a ward, in which the nurses receive the necessary education in an appropriate time and ameliorate their expertise, as well as a climate in which nurses have such a good relationship with their collages that they can easily talk about the possible mistakes and errors, can upgrade nurse’s professional behavior.

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Background: The safety climate, which is a subset of the organizational climate in the field of safety, mirrors the attitudes of those involved in care centers towards safety. In addition to being in connection with diverse parts of the organization’s function, the safety climate can also affect the nurses’ performance. The present study aimed at investigating the predictive role of the safety climate on professional behavior among nurses working in the hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, which uses the cross-sectional design, 595 expert nurses participated who had at least 6 months of experience and were employed in the wards of the hospitals affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected from the nurses revolving around their viewpoints, which were determined using a demographic information form, professional behavior scale and safety climate questionnaire. Results: Among the diverse domains of the safety climate, the field of nursing education (p= 0.027, ß=0.104), communication with other nurses (p= 0.027, ß=0.101) and error reporting (p= <0.001, ß= 0.191) were the direct predictors of professional nursing behavior. Also, apart from the safety climate, satisfaction with nursing as a job had a direct, statistic and significant relationship with professional behavior (p= <0.001, ß= 0.142). Conclusion: This study found that most of the domains of the safety climate predicted the nurses’ professional behavior. Therefore, it is recommended that hospital administration and nursing leaders improve the safety climate by paying more attention to education and creating friendly working environments that remove nurses’ fear of penalties. All these factors can be effective in enhancing the professional behavior of nurses and increase patient safety in health care settings.

Introduction: Selecting an appropriate teaching method is one of the key stages in education. This study was to the effect of FC by NPE on patient safety knowledge retention in nursing and midwifery students. Methods: This randomized controlled trial, using the Solomon design, was conducted in 2019 on an 82nursing and midwifery students enrolled from Bushehr nursing and midwifery school. The samples were then allocated to four groups via block randomization. The samples in both intervention groups studied the educational content online for two weeks and subsequently attended the FC by NPE. Both control groups merely received the conventional methods. The posttest was also taken from the four study groups immediately and two months after education. Results: The posttest mean scores of knowledge in both intervention groups was homogeneous(p=0.1) and higher than those in the control groups(p<0.05). The changes in the mean scores posttest in the intervention and follow-up it did not establish a statistically significant difference between the four study groups(p=0.130,F=1.941). Conclusion: The use of the FC by NPE could increase the knowledge mean scores, but, it failed to affect knowledge retention. Given the infancy of this pedagogical approach, further studies are needed to investigate its effects on various learning outcomes.

Background: The hierarchy of power, dynamic of cohesion, and family structure might be affected in families with psychiatric patients. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the power, cohesion, and structure of healthy families and families with psychiatric patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz in 2018. Participants were 322 people from healthy families and families with schizophrenic, depressive, or bipolar disordered patients that were compared in terms of cohesion and hierarchy of power. Participants were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Family System Test, a clinically-derived figure placement technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS-19 with Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of power between the families of healthy people and the families of patients with psychiatric disorders (P > 0.05). The family of patients with major depression had less cohesion (8.57 ± 2.2) than had the family of healthy ones (P =0.01). The structure of healthy families was more significantly balanced than that of other groups (P = 0.008). Conclusions: The results indicated that the power, cohesion, and structure of families can be affected by members with psychiatric disorders. Mental health care providers should take into account the mental health of families of psychiatric patients.