Introduction: Osteochondritis is a joint condition in which bone underneath the cartilage of a joint destroys due to lack of blood flow. Then bone and cartilage can break, causing pain and sometimes affecting joint motion and skin around the involved joint might be swollen and tender. Osteochondritis occurs most commonly in the knee, but also occurs in elbows, ankles and other joints. Decreased blood flow to the end of the affected bone due to trauma is the main cause, but there might be a genetic component, making some persons more susceptible to get this disorder. Some infections such as brucellosis can lead to osteochondritis. Bone and joint complications are common in brucellosis, but osteochondritis of sternoclavicular joint is a rare presentation. Case Presentation: Here, we presented a 34-year-old woman referred to our hospital for fever, chills and arthralgia in the sternoclavicular joint, which has been started two months before admission. Finally, with more evaluations, we found that she had sternoclavicular osteochondritis due to brucellosis. Conclusions: Although, brucellosis can cause arthritis more in knee, elbow and hip and causes spondylodiscitis, osteochondritis of sternoclavicular joint is very rare in brucella infection.
Background Evidence revealed that age could affect immune responses in patients with the acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study investigated the impact of age on immune responses, especially on the interaction between the tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interferon type-I (IFN-I) axes in the pathogenesis of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This age-matched case–control investigation enrolled 41 COVID-19 patients and 40 healthy controls categorized into four groups, including group 1 (up to 20 years), group 2 (20–40 years), group 3 (40–60 years), and group 4 (over 60 years). Blood samples were collected at the time of admission. The expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, IFNARI, IFNARII, interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9), and SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) was measured using the real-time PCR technique. In addition, serum levels of TGF-β, IFN-α, and SERPINE1 were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. All biomarkers were measured and analyzed in the four age studies groups. Results The expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, IFNARI, IFNARII, IRF9, and SMAD3 was markedly upregulated in all age groups of patients compared with the matched control groups. Serum levels of IFN-α and SERPINE1 were significantly higher in patient groups than in control groups. While TGF-β serum levels were only significantly elevated in the 20 to 40 and over 60 years patient group than in matched control groups. Conclusions These data showed that the age of patients, at least at the time of admission, may not significantly affect TGF-β- and IFN-I-associated immune responses. However, it is possible that the severity of the disease affects these pathway-mediated responses, and more studies with a larger sample size are needed to verify it.
Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by a tick-borne virus in the family of Bunyaviridae. A hard tick, in the genus of Hyalomma, is a reservoir and also a vector for CCHF virus. Infection in humans usually occurs by infected tick bite or through contact with infected animal tissues and blood. CCHF can also transmit from one infected person to another through contact with infectious blood or body fluids. Human-to human transmission is also reported as a nosocomial infection. Case Presentation: Here, we presented 5 patients from a family with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, who got the illness at the same time when they cut the frozen meat together. Fortunately, all patients referred to hospital soon and received treatment during 24 to 72 hours after the first sign or symptom was presented. Conclusions: Frozen meat can transmit CCHFV to humans, which can be due to high viral load or a virus with high virulence in the infected animal tissues.
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