Objective. Touch is one of the first strong positive senses that develop in neonate. Therapeutic touch could be considered as a complementary treatment in Neonate intensive care units (NICU). Methods. This quasi-experimental study was conducted to compare the effect of Yakson and GHT on behavioral reaction of preterm infants hospitalized in NICU in south-east of Iran. 90 preterm infants participated in this study. They are randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Yakson group, n = 30, (2) GHT group, n = 30, (3) control group, n = 30. Each infant received the GHT and Yakson interventions twice a day for 5 days. Each session lasted 15 minutes. The control group received routine nursing care. Results. In interventional group, an increase was found in sleep state score after the Yakson and GHT intervention. Their awake and fussy states' scores decreased after both interventions. No significant difference was found between Yakson and GHT group in their behavioral state scores. Conclusion. The findings suggest that Yakson and GHT had soothing and calming effect on preterm infants and could be beneficial in nursing interventions.

Sepsis is a life-threatening disorder that is caused by a dysregulated inflammatoryresponse during an infection. The disease mostly affects pregnant women, newborns, and patients in intensive care units (ICU). Sepsis treatment is a significant part of a country's health budgets. Delay in the therapy causes irreversible failure of various organs due to the lack of blood supply and reduction of oxygen in the tissues and eventually increased mortality. The involvement of four or five organs by sepsis has been attributed to an increased risk of death to over 90%. Although antibiotics are at the first line of sepsis treatment, they do not possess enough potency to control the disease and prevent subsequent organ failure. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-microbial properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported in various studies. Therefore, theapplication of MSCs has been considered as a potentially promising therapeutic strategy. In preclinical studies, the administration of MSCs has been associated with reduced bacterial load anddecreased levels of pro-inflammatory factorsas well as the improved function of the different vital organs, including heart, kidney, liver, and lungs. The current study provides a brief review of sepsis and itspathophysiology, and then highlights recent findings in the therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC-derived secretomein improving sepsis-induced organCopyright © 2020 by the Shock Society. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.dysfunction.Besides,eligible sepsis candidates for MSC-therapy and the latest clinical findings in these areashave been reviewed.

Aim The aim of this study was to identify the defining characteristics of spiritual distress (00066). Design This study was conducted by integrated review method using Broom method. Methods PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochran Library, and Persian scientific databases were searched from January 2010 to December 2020. Results Twenty‐one article and 74 defining characteristics were identified. 33 of these defining characteristics was mentioned in NANDA. The criteria with the highest frequency and repetition in articles were lack of peace, lack of hope, change in anger behaviour, lack of meaning in life, change in fear and crying behaviour, Concern about belief and values system and/or God. Conclusion Some of the spiritual distress defining characteristics overlap with other nursing diagnoses, including anxiety and hopelessness. Clinical and content validation studies need to be conducted and the main criteria for diagnosing spiritual distress in different cultures and religions need to be identified.

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Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a team-based educational program through smartphone applications on Iranian nursing students’ problem-solving ability and clinical skills. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with two groups, including an experimental and a control group, was conducted among 60 nursing students who spent internship period in post CCU and CCU wards for 16 weeks. The control group received routine training, and the students of the experimental group received a team-based program through a smartphone application in addition to routine training. Students involved in the program were invited to complete the clinical skills questionnaire and Heppner's Problem-Solving Inventory at baseline and week four, and week 12 of follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 22). Results: A significant improvement was found in nursing students’ clinical skills and problem-solving ability at week four and week 12 of follow-up compared with baseline (P < 0.001). However, the mean scores increased more in the experimental group. Conclusions: This study suggests that team-based training through smartphone applications can enhance problem-solving perception and clinical skills in nursing students. It is expected that in the future, team-based training through smartphone applications may be used in the internship training of nursing students continuously.

presence of students, nurse rounds, physicians' rounds, alarms of devices and the wheels of portable trolleys, respectively. Conclusion Noise level in NICU ward is higher than the standard level, it is necessary to take measures for the purpose of reducing it.