The Moral Distress Scale-Revised was found to be a multidimensional construct. The data obtained confirmed the hypothesis of the factor structure model with a latent second-order variable. Since the convergent and divergent validity of the scale were not confirmed in this study, further assessment is necessary in future studies.
Introduction: disasters are ecological or emergency situations that are most of the organizations and institution's potential. And the resulting to enormous financial and physical losses. Hospitals as the important health institutions should be ready before the events of sufficiently, to be able to cope with emergencies, ensuring rapid response to the incident. Based on a survey to determine the level of preparedness to deal with disasters in one of the selected hospitals in Tehran. Materials and Methods:This descriptive study was conducted in selected hospitals in Tehran. In order to prepare the hospital was used in 10 scopes by a 210-item check list that in a study made previously and face and content validity and reliability was assessed.Results: Amount of preparation of the study hospital in the department's traffic 33.3% In the category of weak and units of acceptance, communication, education and transport, discharge respectively, with an average 41.7%, 50%, 41.2%, 46.7% was assessed average level Other areas include the emergency department, security, support, staffing and management, respectively, with an mean 66.7%, 64.7%64.3%61.9% and 68.2% which were rated as good. Discussion and conclusions:Based on the results obtained in this study showed the level of hospital preparedness is average however, due to the important role of hospitals in crisis seems most dedication of the managers to training and planning demand to increase the level of preparedness in times of crisis.
Background: Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental disorders before and after surgery. Aromatherapy is a treatment that has grown substantially in recent years in comparison with other complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to relieve anxiety. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of inhaling lavender essence on the physiological and psychological status of patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 patients who were undergoing CABG surgery at the hospitals of Artesh Jomhory Eslami (AJA) University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Patients who met specific inclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated into two groups: a control group that inhaled room air and an experimental group that inhaled from a piece of cotton impregnated with two drops of lavender essence. This intervention was done on the morning of surgery. To evaluate these measures, a Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire was filled out by the patient before and after the intervention. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: After the intervention, the study results showed statistically significant differences between the two study groups in heart rate (mean = 78.83, P = 0.02) and anxiety level (mean = 6.63, P = 0.02). However, the differences between the two groups were not significant regarding stress level (mean = 8.63, P = 0.55) and other physiological variables. Conclusions: Inhalation aromatherapy is an effective method for reducing the heart rate and the level of anxiety in patients before CABG surgery. Given that the physiological and psychological health of patients are important responsibilities for nurses, aromatherapy can be considered a safe and effective relaxation method before invasive interventions. Learning this method is recommended for students and nurses.
Patients hospitalized in general hospital settings need to retain their dignity. This can contribute to the optimal therapeutic outcomes for them. Therefore, it is suggested that a cultural, professional and institutional background, in which all components of the patient's dignity are protected and emphasized, should be provided.
Garlic (Allium sativum, Liliaceae) is used widely as a spice and medicinal herb not only in its native region (Central Asia and northeastern Iran) but also all around the world. Garlic has abundance chemical compounds such as allicin, alliin, S‐allyl cysteines, thiacremonone, diallyl‐disulfide, diallylsulfide, and others. This medicinal plant and its constituents offer a lot of benefits including free‐radical scavenging, anti‐inflammatory, anticholesterolemic, anti‐gastric ulcer, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Garlic also modulates the activity of several metabolizing enzymes. This review summarizes various in vitro and animal studies on the protective effects of garlic against natural and chemical toxicities. It has been shown that garlic and its major components can ameliorate the toxicity of different agents in brain, kidney, blood, liver, embryo, spleen, pancreas, heart, reproductive system in part through radical scavenging, antioxidant effect, reducing lipid peroxidation, anti‐inflammatory, chelating agent, cytoprotective activities, increase protein synthesis in damaged tissues, suppressing apoptosis, modulation of p53, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, Akt, nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2, antioxidant responsive element, p38 MAPK, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, cytosolic phospholipases A2, cleaved‐caspase‐9, cleaved‐caspase‐3 Bcl‐2, Bcl‐2‐associated X, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, NF‐jB, nuclear factor‐kappaB signaling pathways and cytochrome P450 enzymes. With controlled clinical trials, garlic may be introduced as a universal antidote or protective plant against many toxic agents.
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